Eurazeo_URD_2025 2025
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2.1Activity during the year
2.1.1Highlights
The highlights detailed below are a selection of the events and transactions that took place during the year for the Group and each of the strategies.
Corporate
- ▰Acquisition of the remaining Kurma Partners shares (29.4% residual stake);
- ▰Launch of two new pan-European Wealth funds. These two new evergreen funds are specialized by asset class: private debt (EPIC) and secondary private equity (EPSO);
- ▰Opening of a new office in Milan;
- ▰Opening of an office in Stockholm;
- ▰Olivier Millet stepped down from his roles as Managing Partner and member of the Eurazeo Executive Board and became Senior Advisor to the Elevate and NovSanté strategies;
- ▰Publication of the Europe White Paper, “Investing in Europe: A fresh look at untapped strengths".
Private equity
Buyout
Share capital
In 2025, the Capital activity was marked by the final closing of its Capital V fund and two divestments and one investment, confirming the success of the strategy of supporting high quality assets.
- ▰final closing of its Eurazeo Capital V (EC‑V) program, with approximately €3 billion in total commitments, exceeding its target. The successful fundraising underscores investors’ confidence in the Capital activity’s strategy and performance, which are based on continued support for mid‑market leaders with global growth ambitions;
- ▰investment in Mapal, a pan‑European hospitality software leader, through the EC‑V fund, allowing the company to pursue its growth strategy. Since Eurazeo’s acquisition of Mapal in February 2025, Mapal has expanded its ecosystem with Inpulse, a leading French AI‑powered procurement and inventory management platform for restaurant groups. This transaction marked Mapal’s first acquisition since Eurazeo completed its investment in the company;
- ▰completion of the sale of Albingia, a leading player in the French commercial insurance lines market, to a consortium of investors led by La Financière de Blacailloux. With this investment, Eurazeo exemplifies its strategy of selecting and supporting mid‑market companies with solid fundamentals and a distinct positioning in high‑growth sectors. The transaction generated a gross cash‑on‑cash of 2.2x on Eurazeo’s initial investment, with around €325 million of proceeds allocated to Eurazeo’s balance sheet;
- ▰sale of the CPK group, the European leader in confectionery and chocolate, to the European holding company of the Ferrara Candy group. The sale of CPK marks the fifth consecutive exit to a trade buyer by Eurazeo’s Capital strategy, confirming Eurazeo’s ability to build attractive international champions for global leaders. The transaction generated around €240 million of proceeds allocated to Eurazeo’s balance sheet.
Elevate
In 2025, the Elevate activity was marked by several divestments and acquisitions. Its flagship program, Eurazeo PME IV, was 92% deployed proforma of the EBF (Equity Bridge Financing) as of December 31, 2025.
- ▰investment in Ekoscan Integrity Group, alongside the company’s founder and the management team. This transactions marks the tenth investment for Eurazeo PME IV. Founded in France in 2015, the company has become a leading global provider of advanced non-destructive testing solutions for critical industrial applications and infrastructure. The company serves clients in more than 50 countries and generates 85% of its revenues internationally. Its solutions are used by over 250 clients for the maintenance of critical assets and infrastructure (e.g. nuclear power plants, oil pipelines, railways, wind turbines), enhancing monitoring processes, extending the life of assets and preventing failures;
- ▰investment in 3P, a software provider of public procurement solutions This transaction marks Eurazeo PME IV’s eleventh investment and the third outside France. Created in Belgium in 2001, 3P offers a fully integrated platform designed to automate, secure and optimize tendering, procurement and subsequent processes, while helping clients ensure compliance with the latest European, national and regional legislation and requirements. 3P’s products are used by over 2,000 public clients across Belgium and France. The objective of Eurazeo and its co-investors (historical shareholders and managers) is to accelerate the company’s European expansion strategy, which currently enjoys a double-digit trajectory;
- ▰sale of the investment in Fermax to Ardian. Eurazeo has sold its stake in Fermax, the Spanish leader and a global leader in residential and tertiary access control and connected solutions. This divestment delivered a cash-on-cash multiple of 2.6x and an internal rate of return (IRR) close to 40%. Founded in 1949 and based in Valencia (Spain), Fermax designs, manufactures and distributes connected access control solutions for residential and commercial buildings in Spain and internationally across 85 countries. The company has been supported by Eurazeo and its partner MCH Private Equity since March 2023;
- ▰investment in OMMAX, a digital strategy consultancy founded in Munich in 2011, with additional offices in the UK and Italy. OMMAX supports its clients throughout Europe, by helping companies design and execute digital strategies that drive sustainable growth and competitive advantage;
- ▰divestment of Ultra Premium Direct (UPD) to Inspired Pet Nutrition, the UK’s leading independent pet food platform. Founded in 2013, the company established itself as a leading player in the French premium pet food market with direct-to-consumer online distribution, becoming the sector leader in France. The company is reputed for its customer experience and serves over 285,000 customers. UPD combines high-quality, veterinarian-developed products with a direct factory-to-consumer model, offering an affordable proposition. Leveraging its data-driven approach and with Eurazeo’s support, the company has built a powerful omnichannel strategy to further strengthen customer loyalty and engagement;
- ▰sale to a third-party investor of approximately €260 million in assets previously carried on Eurazeo’s balance sheet. This transaction, entered into at no discount, represents approximately 50% of Eurazeo’s stake in the PME III and PME IV funds and reduces the balance sheet share to approximately 20% for each of these vintages.
Eurazeo Planetary Boundaries Fund (EPBF)
In May 2024, Eurazeo launched Eurazeo Planetary Boundaries Fund (EPBF), an impact buyout fund designed to scale profitable environmental solutions to reverse or adapt to the overstepping of Planetary Boundaries while delivering the same buyout returns.
- ▰first closing of the fund with €300 million secured. Only ten months after the commercial launch of EPBF, Eurazeo successfully completed its first closing, representing 40% of the fund’s threshold target of €750 million;
- ▰EPBF’s first investment, in Bioline AgroSciences. For its first investment, acquisition of a majority stake in Bioline AgroSciences, alongside the family-owned impact investment fund Aurae as minority shareholder. The third largest player worldwide in its category, Bioline AgroSciences specializes in the design, production and supply of biocontrol products – biological control organisms that can significantly reduce the use of chemical pesticides in agriculture;
- ▰Investment in SMP Energies. For EPBF’s second investment, acquisition of a majority stake in SMP Energies. The leading geothermal drilling contractor in France, the company is recognized for its strong technical expertise and operational excellence with over 60 wells drilled. SMP Energies’ success relies on its unique approach as a pure player of deep geothermal drilling, providing fully integrated end-to-end services of well construction, well maintenance and abandonment in France and abroad.
Growth Equity
Eurazeo’s Growth activity reached a major milestone in 2025 with the first closing of its EGF IV fund at €650 million. EGF IV is the second largest tech fund raised in Europe in 2025.
- ▰first closing of the Growth IV fund, confirming Eurazeo’s key role in supporting highly strategic European technology companies and helping to transform them into global champions. This closing is recognized as one of the strongest fundraisings in its category of the year. It is underpinned by one of the most active pan‑European Growth teams dedicated to financing and supporting scale‑ups across the continent;
- ▰sale of Eurazeo’s stake in Cognigy, a global market leader in conversational and agentic AI capabilities applied to customer relations, to NICE Ltd, resulting in Eurazeo’s exit. The transaction values Cognigy at approximately $955 million and is the first AI sale in Europe around the $1 billion mark. In June 2024, Eurazeo had led Cognigy’s $100 million minority Series C financing round;
- ▰the €52 million Series C financing round in Filigran, a European cybertech champion. With this financing round, the company aims to accelerate its growth and international expansion;
- ▰the €86 million Series B financing round in Dexory, a provider of real-time warehouse intelligence and autonomous solutions. This financing round will help accelerate the company’s global expansion and artificial intelligence solutions.
Venture
In 2025, the Venture activity was marked by strategic investments and successful divestments, confirming Eurazeo’s key role in supporting high-potential digital companies and in new technologies and digital innovation for sustainable cities.
- ▰new pan‑European investments through the Eurazeo Digital IV fund in France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Ireland and Belgium, in innovative companies such as Arbio, Vertical Compute, Arcads, Kota, Genesis AI, Gradium, Claimsorted, weflow and Lightpanda, illustrating the team’s focus on deeptech infrastructure and AI services themes;
- ▰continued portfolio rotation with numerous disposals and particularly Happn, Acinq, Kaia Health and Cado;
- ▰new investments in the Future Industries strategy (formerly Smart City) in Ambos, Adryada, Celcius Logistics, GA Smart Building, Aedifion and PCG Power, covering in particular France, Germany, China and India;
- ▰pre-marketing launch of the Future Industries III fund, with a €500 million target and €200 million for emerging markets;
- ▰launch of the Ambition Europe 2025 fund, which forms part of Eurazeo’s Wealth Solutions offering and aims to build a diversified portfolio of 15 to 20 high‑potential European SMEs through minority stakes, combined with an active role in governance and operational acceleration. The fund’s investment focus is founded on three long‑term convictions: defense and sovereignty, technology and artificial intelligence, and healthcare.
Healthcare
In 2025, Eurazeo’s Healthcare activity was marked by numerous acquisitions and one record divestment. These achievements reflect the Group’s ambition to support therapeutic innovation and confirm a dynamic and committed strategy focusing on cutting-edge healthcare companies.
- ▰acquisition of the remaining Kurma Partners shares. Eurazeo’s acquisition of the remaining shares in this French asset management company specializing in biotechnology and medical innovation follows Eurazeo’s acquisition of a majority stake (70.6%) in 2021. Since 2009, and after raising nearly €600 million in assets, Kurma Partners has established itself as a key player in the European healthcare sector, supporting the most promising companies in the field. As an investor in Kurma Partners since 2021, Eurazeo has already committed nearly €100 million to its funds, providing operational support as well as access to its international platform;
- ▰sale of the biotech company ImCheck to Ipsen for up to €1 billion. Kurma Partners, a member of the Eurazeo group, and several generations of FCPI funds, sold their shares in ImCheck Therapeutics to the pharmaceutical company, Ipsen. Kurma Partners supported the creation of ImCheck in 2015 based on the research of Professor Daniel Olive, Director of the Immunity and Cancer Laboratory at the Marseille Cancer Research Center (CRCM). Since ImCheck was founded, Kurma Partners and Eurazeo have participated in all financing rounds up to the Series C completed in 2022 via the Kurma Growth Opportunity Fund and various Eurazeo FCPI funds;
- ▰investment in Proteor by the Nov Santé Actions Non Cotées fund – managed by Eurazeo and dedicated to developing the healthcare ecosystem in France, at the initiative of France Assureurs and Caisse des Dépôts. Eurazeo invested alongside other investors in this company which was founded in 1913 in Saint-Apollinaire (Côte-d’Or). In just a few years, Proteor has become one of the leading players in the design, manufacture, and distribution of external prostheses, mainly for the lower limbs. The aim is to support the international development of the Dijon-based group, both in its innovation strategy and in external growth opportunities;
- ▰co-investment by the Nov Santé Actions Non Cotées fund and Kurma Partners – Eurazeo’s healthcare Venture subsidiary, in Germitec as part of its €29 million Series B fundraising. Germitec, headquartered in Bordeaux, designs automatic High Level Disinfection solutions for probes notably used in gynecology and IVF treatments, cardiology, urology and ENT. With a presence in over 40 countries, Germitec already benefits from international recognition and is today aiming to establish itself in new markets such as the United States.
Secondaries
Eurazeo’s Secondaries & Mandates activity offers institutional and retail clients preferential access to Private Equity buyout assets in Europe, through primarily, secondary and co-investment transactions. Since 2001, the team has invested over €7 billion through these three strategies.
- ▰the pace of secondary investments was particularly strong in 2025, with nearly €1 billion deployed across 18 secondary transactions;
- ▰Eurazeo is currently raising its fifth secondary program, with a target fund size of €2.0 billion, an increase on the previous €1.4 billion program raised in 2021. The final fund closing is scheduled for the second quarter of 2026.
Private debt
Eurazeo’s Private Debt activity continued its international growth momentum in 2025. Thanks to its presence in the main European economic centers, the Private Debt teams are able to support portfolio companies in these actively developing geographies. Eurazeo was one of the most active lenders in Europe in 2025 in the mid‑market segment. The team invested over €2.5 billion, including more than 50% outside France.
- ▰another record year with more than €10 billion in assets under management;
- ▰strong EDP VII fundraising momentum, with sustained growth in fundraising in line with its target;
- ▰further fundraising for the Eurazeo Private Value Europe 3 Evergreen fund, with retail investors;
- ▰launch of a new pan-European Wealth fund specializing in private debt (EPIC);
- ▰launch of the second vintage of the Article 9 infra debt fund, Eurazeo Sustainable Maritime Infrastructure II (ESMI II) and its first closing at the end of December 2025 at €175 million;
- ▰support for Weinberg Capital Partners’ investment in Patrim One, an insurance broker specializing in the protection of private assets (residences, works of art, precious objects);
- ▰financing of United Therapy accompanied by Quadriga Capital, a German physiotherapy network combining face-to-face care and telemedicine services;
- ▰financing of Tikedo alongside White Bridge investments, an Italian self-adhesive labels platform for the food and home & personal care markets;
- ▰support for Seven2 in Efficy, an independent Belgian CRM and marketing automation software provider operating in more than 15 countries;
- ▰investment in Mainport Shipping Ltd and Longship Group B.V. through the Asset-based finance activity;
- ▰investments in Eowin and Excelya, through the Flex Financing activity.
Real assets
Infrastructure
In 2025, the Infrastructure activity was marked by the completion of deployment of the transition infrastructure program, comprising the Eurazeo Transition Infrastructure Fund (ETIF) and a co‑investment vehicle. During the year, the fund continued to support the companies in its portfolio, notably by providing additional capital to Electra and Etix Everywhere. As a reminder, the program reached €706 million, exceeding its initial fundraising target of €500 million by 40%.
- ▰terralayr, the ninth and final investment by the ETIF fund. Eurazeo led a €192 million financing round alongside other investors, including the management team. This financing will enable terralayr to further grow its battery storage portfolio in Germany, while scaling the company’s LAYR flexibility-as-a-service platform, addressing one of the fastest-growing segments of the European eletricity market. terralayr develops, owns and operates battery energy storage systems;
- ▰first investment in the water sector. Eurazeo acquired a majority stake in Water Direct, the UK’s leading provider of alternative water supply solutions for the public and private sectors. Founded in 1996, the company provides reliable solutions that strengthen resilience across industries, utilities and communities across the country;
- ▰investment in MPC OSE Offshore, to build six offshore service vessels. ETIF invested €70 million in a joint venture, alongside an asset manager (MPC capital) and the specialist in offshore servicing, O.S. energy. The aim is to launch a fleet of decarbonized vessels that can notably be used to serve offshore wind platforms.
Real Estate
In 2025, the Real Estate activity was marked by the continued deployment of the Eurazeo Operational Real Estate (EZORE) fund – launched in December 2024.
- ▰acquisition of a majority stake in the Italian operator of the Aquardens thermal park. This acquisition marks the first investment by the EZORE fund. It underscores the fund’s strategy and ambition to support real estate anchored businesses with high growth potential, creating value for the company as a whole. Aquardens’ existing management team re-invested alongside Eurazeo with the ambition to build a platform around the thermal leisure sector in Italy.
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2.2Value creation
Investment portfolio net value, value creation and assets under management
The change in the portfolio value in 2025 mainly reflects currency effects and market adjustments in certain segments, particularly the Growth, Brands and Real Estate portfolios, while operating fundamentals remained strong, with robust revenue and EBITDA growth across most investments.
Portfolio value per share
As of December 31, 2025, the net value of the investment portfolio was €6,821 million. The portfolio value per share was €102.1 (compared to €107.8 as of December 31, 2024).
- ▰a scope effect of -€669 million (-9%) due to exits;
- ▰the -€322 million (-4%) decrease in the portfolio fair value, recognized in the P&L;
- ▰management fees of -€64 million (-1%) invoiced by Eurazeo management companies, recognized in P&L;
- ▰a positive share buyback impact (9%).
Portfolio value creation by investment division
Overall value decreased by €322 million (-4%), with the majority of the impact coming from US dollar and pound sterling exchange-rate effects (-€199 million), mainly affecting the Capital and Brands portfolios, and to a lesser extent the Growth and Real Estate portfolios. Excluding forex effects, despite an overall adjustment of €125 million, primarily related to the Growth (-€86 million), Real Estate (-€79 million) and US Brands (-€47 million) portfolios, the strong performance of the Elevate (+€69 million) and Brands Europe (+€29 million) portfolios significantly mitigated this impact.
Assets Under Management
As of December 31, 2025, Eurazeo Group Assets Under Management (AUM) totaled €39.0 billion, up 8% over 12 months, and break down as follows:
(In millions of euros)
12/31/2024 PF (1)
12/31/2025
Third-party AUM
Eurazeo balance sheet AUM
Total AUM
Third-party AUM
Eurazeo balance sheet AUM
Total AUM
Private Equity
16,433
8,314
24,746
18,419
7,296
25,715
Capital (formerly MLBO)
3,270
4,247
7,517
3,650
3,483
7,133
Elevate (formerly SMBO)
1,649
829
2,478
2,654
822
3,476
Brands
3
754
757
9
567
576
Healthcare (Nov Santé)
415
1
416
382
1
383
Growth
1,966
1,748
3,714
2,116
1,613
3,729
Venture
2,877
155
3,033
2,654
152
2,806
Kurma
518
99
617
530
94
625
Secondaries & Mandates
5,701
308
6,009
6,148
303
6,452
Planet Boundaries
34
100
134
275
98
373
Other investments as LP
-
72
72
-
162
162
Private Debt
8,805
424
9,229
10,683
514
11,197
Real Assets
945
1,181
2,126
996
1,061
2,057
Total
26,183
9,919
36,102
30,097
8,871
38,968
- (1)Figures as of December 31, 2024 are proforma of the reclassification of IGF II from Growth to Venture.
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2.3Subsequent events
March 12, 2026 – Eurazeo announced the conclusion or renewal of several family shareholder agreements, reflecting the continued commitment of certain long-term shareholders. These agreements maintain consultation mechanisms and/or priority rights in the event of a significant disposal of shares, as applicable.
March 11, 2026 – Eurazeo reported its 2025 annual results, highlighting growth in its asset management activity, driven by increased third‑party fundraising, as well as accelerated asset rotation over the year. The shareholder return policy continued in line with the strategic plan, with an ordinary dividend of €2.92 per share, up 10% on the 2025 ordinary dividend.
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3.1General Disclosures [ESRS 2]
3.1.1Basis of preparation of the Sustainability Statement
3.1.1.1General basis for the preparation of Sustainability Statements
In accordance with the provisions of the European Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), as transposed into French law and applicable from fiscal year 2025, Eurazeo is publishing its Sustainability Statement this year as a mandatory report. This Statement has been prepared in accordance with Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/2772 and the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS) adopted by the European Commission.
Eurazeo presents a Sustainability Statement that complies with all structural, content and publication requirements laid down by the CSRD and the ESRS, including the performance of a double materiality assessment, the definition of its reporting scope and the implementation of a Group-wide system for the collection, control and consolidation of non-financial information.
In accordance with applicable regulatory provisions, Forvis Mazars performed a limited assurance review of this Sustainability Statement. Forvis Mazars was appointed the Statutory Auditor responsible for certifying the sustainability information by the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 7, 2025. Their work focused in particular on the compliance of the disclosed information with the ESRS, as well as on the compliance of the process used to identify the information to be disclosed. The assurance report is presented in Section 3.6.
This reporting exercise was performed in the context of the gradual phase-in of the new regulatory framework which is still being interpreted and implemented by market participants. Eurazeo has applied the applicable requirements as of the date of preparation of this Statement and based on information available within the required timeframes, while continuing to improve its processes, systems and data collection methods, in particular along its value chain.
Scope
This report has been prepared on a consolidated basis and covers the scope of the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025, as presented in Chapter 6, Section 6.1 of the Universal Registration Document (URD).
This scope encompasses the following entities: Eurazeo SE, the portfolio management companies Eurazeo Funds Management Luxembourg (EFML), Eurazeo Global Investor (EGI), Eurazeo Infrastructure Partners (EIP), Kurma Partners and iM Global Partner (iMGP) and their offices (subsidiaries, branches and representation offices) located outside France (New York, London, Frankfurt, Berlin, Milan, Madrid, Shanghai, Seoul, Singapore, Stockholm, Tokyo and Sao Paulo). These entities host nearly all the Group’s different investment strategies and account for c. 98% of assets under management as of December 31, 2025. The overall workforce comprises 602 employees across 14 countries, including 496 employees in 13 countries for Eurazeo and 106 employees in 9 countries for iMGP.
Kurma Partners and entities of the iM Global Partner group have implemented their own internal policies, actions and targets. The report therefore identifies a narrative scope and a quantitative scope as follows:
The narrative elements presented in the report under the heading “Eurazeo” cover the following entities: Eurazeo SE, the portfolio management companies EFML, EGI, EIP, and their offices outside France. These entities account for 98% of assets under management as of December 31, 2025. Kurma Partners and iMGP have implemented their own policies, actions and objectives. For Kurma Partners, these have not been included in this report due to their limited materiality and the absence of impacts, risks and opportunities different from those of Eurazeo. For iMGP, the corresponding elements are presented in the dedicated sections for each material ESRS.
The quantitative elements presented in the report under the heading “Eurazeo” cover the activities of the investment company Eurazeo SE, the portfolio management companies EFML, EGI, EIP, Kurma Partners and their offices outside France. The quantitative elements presented under the heading “iMGP” cover the activities of iMGP. The quantitative elements under the heading “Total” reflect the aggregation of Eurazeo and iMGP results. The aggregation method is specified for each indicator in the footnotes.
In accordance with the regulation(1), Eurazeo has chosen not to disclose certain information, which could have infringed on business confidentiality.
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3.2Environment
3.2.1Disclosures required under Article 8 of Regulation (EU) 2020/852 (the Taxonomy Regulation)
This section describes the methodology adopted for disclosures required under Article 8 of Regulation (EU) 2020/852 (the “Taxonomy Regulation”), in the context of the Sustainability Statement prepared in accordance with the CSRD and its Delegated Regulation 2023/2772. These obligations specify the content, structure and key performance indicators (KPIs) that companies must disclose under the EU Taxonomy.
Eurazeo is registered as a Financial Investment Advisor (Conseiller en investissement financier, CIF). As such, it is treated as an investment firm within the meaning of the delegated regulation adopted under Article 8 of the Taxonomy Regulation. The applicable reporting framework is therefore Annex VIII, which sets out the disclosure templates for investment firms.
For the disclosures required for its subsidiaries and Eurazeo’s other activities, the Group applies the obligations under the Taxonomy Regulation based on the effective materiality of its Financial Investment Advisor (“CIF”) activity, in line with the positions published by the European Commission (2023 and 2024 FAQs). In this context, as the companies held in the managed alternative investment funds are not themselves subject to Article 8 of the Taxonomy Regulation, Eurazeo is unable to calculate the percentage of investments (revenue, Opex, Capex) that are eligible and aligned with the European Taxonomy. Eligibility and alignment are, however, assessed each year for Eurazeo’s Article 9 funds (three funds as of December 31, 2025).
At this stage, the investment advisor activity represents a non-material share of Eurazeo SE’s business model. It generates a limited volume of services and revenues and is not a structuring component with regard to the sustainability analysis. Accordingly:
- ▰no meaningful data is available to identify Taxonomy-eligible or Taxonomy-aligned economic activities within the meaning of the Regulation;
- ▰the indicators required under Annex VIII are currently not -material.
Disclosures therefore focus on a qualitative explanation of the applicable framework and include a regulatory table in line with Annex VIII, in which the quantitative fields are left blank or marked as “not material”, consistent with the current low level of materiality.
Total
(in millions
of euros)Of which covered by the KPI
(in millions
of euros)Climate Change Mitigation
(CCM)Climate Change Adaptation
(CCA)TOTAL
(CCM + CCA)Of which Revenue (fees, commissions and other monetary benefits) from services and activities towards sectors covered by the EU Taxonomy (%) (Taxonomy-eligible)
Of which Revenue (fees, commissions and other monetary benefits) from services and activities towards sectors covered by the EU Taxonomy (%) (Taxonomy-eligible)
Of which Revenue (fees, commissions and other monetary benefits) from services and activities towards sectors covered by the EU Taxonomy (%) (Taxonomy-eligible)
Of which from services and activities linked to activities aligned with EU Taxonomy (Taxonomy aligned)
Of which from services and activities linked to activities aligned with EU Taxonomy (Taxonomy aligned)
Of which from services and activities linked to activities aligned with EU Taxonomy (Taxonomy aligned)
Of which transi-
tional
(%)Of which enabling
(%)Of which transi-
tional
(%)Of which enabling
(%)Of which transi-
tional
(%)Of
which enabling
(%)N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
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3.3Social
3.3.1Eurazeo own workforce [ESRS S1]
The table below lists the impacts and risks related to the Company’s own workforce considered material in the double materiality assessment, as described in Section 3.1.4.1.
IRO
Presence in
the value chainTime horizon
Upstream
Own operations
Downstream
Short
termMedium term
Long term
Training and skills development, adequate wages
Positive impact relating to career and development prospects for employees and strong appeal on the labor market
●
●
Social dialogue
Reputational risk for the Group due to a deteriorated social climate or dialogue
●
●
Diversity
Negative impact generating attrition or lack of attractiveness in the absence of diversity, equity and inclusion policies, non-inclusive practices
●
●
Working conditions
Negative impact on the health, well-being and safety of employees due to poor working conditions
●
●
Working conditions
Negative impact on employee integrity in the event of discrimination, violence and/or harassment
●
●
3.3.1.1Material impacts, risks and opportunities and their interaction with strategy and business model [SBM-3]
Eurazeo places its employees at the core of its strategy and has identified potential impacts and risks related to its human capital as described in the table above. Eurazeo has pledged to overcome these issues by maintaining best-in-class practices and guaranteeing an inclusive and fundamental rights-compliant working environment conducive to the development of its employees and their skills.
To promote the respect and well-being of its employees, the Company has set up a constructive internal dialogue framework as well as various tailored processes.
Eurazeo defines its own workforce as employees with whom it has a direct contractual relationship, thus excluding casual workers and outsourced services. The concept of workforce encompasses employees with an employment contract (open-ended or fixed-term).
Workforce as of December 31, 2025 by type of contract and gender [S1-6]
Gender
2025
2024
Eurazeo
iMGP
Total
Total
Women
Men
Total
Women
Men
Total
Women
Men
Total
Women
Men
Total
Number of permanent employees (1) as of December 31
222
253
475
43
60
103
265
313
578
253
296
549
Number of temporary employees (2) as of December 31
12
9
21
2
1
3
14
10
24
8
5
13
Total number of employees
234
262
496
45
61
106
279
323
602
261
301
562
- (1)Open-ended contracts.
- (2)Fixed-term contracts and work-study programs.
Workforce as of December 31, 2025 by region [S1-6]
Total number of permanent and temporary employees as of December 31
2025
2024
Eurazeo
iMGP
Total
Total
496
106
602
562
Germany
13
0
13
11
China
5
0
5
5
South Korea
3
0
3
3
Spain
3
2
5
4
United States
16
50
66
72
France
392
24
416
385
Italy
6
2
8
4
Japan
2
0
2
-
Luxembourg
10
10
20
21
Netherlands
1
0
1
1
United Kingdom
40
16
56
49
Singapore
4
0
4
5
Sweden
1
1
2
1
Switzerland
0
1
1
1
Departures as of December 31, 2025 [S1-6]
2025
2024
Eurazeo
iMGP
Total
Total
Number of permanent employees who have left the company as of December 31
46
13
59
82
Employee turnover (1) rate as of December 31
10%
12%
10.4%
15.3%
- (1)The turnover rate is calculated by dividing the number of permanent employees who left the company by the average number of permanent employees during the year.
3.3.1.2Policies related to own workforce [S1-1]
Eurazeo has implemented several policies: a Diversity and Inclusion (D&I) policy and charter, a Compensation policy and a Human Rights policy. Eurazeo also has all employees sign a Code of Conduct, which prohibits any form of discrimination. These policies help manage the impacts, risks and opportunities associated with Eurazeo’s workforce as defined at the beginning of this section.
The policies apply to all Eurazeo employees in all geographical locations. Their implementation is overseen by the Human Resources Department as delegated by Executive Board members. These policies are available to all employees on Eurazeo’s website and Intranet. Eurazeo ensures the transparent communication of its policies to stakeholders.
Diversity and Inclusion policy
The Human Resources Department deploys actions and processes throughout the year (performance appraisals, training programs, career management, recruitment, etc.). The HR Department and managers ensure the absence of discrimination and fair treatment based on objective criteria.
Eurazeo’s policy prohibits any form of discrimination based on gender, age, ethnicity, nationality, social origin, marital status, religion, sexual orientation, physical appearance, state of health, disability, state of pregnancy, union membership or political views. These practices seek to ensure equal opportunity for all its employees and candidates in terms of recruitment, access to training, remuneration, social protection and professional development.
The Diversity & Inclusion Charter supplements this policy by clarifying the role and activities of the Diversity & Inclusion Committee.
Through these actions, Eurazeo is committed to complying with several standards or initiatives. For example, the Company has signed the Charter for Diversity, initiated by the France Invest association, and the SISTA Charter (1).
Training plan
Eurazeo seeks to offer its employees the opportunity to adapt to changes in their profession and unlock their potential, by constantly improving and evolving. To this end, Eurazeo develops an annual training plan tailored to each employee population (role, level) and to individual needs, encompassing both hard and soft skills. The 2025 training plan is detailed in Section 3.3.1.5.
Compensation policy
Eurazeo ensures that its employees receive fair compensation, in line with practices in each market and country and in compliance with regulatory requirements. They also benefit from a value creation sharing mechanism.
The Compensation policy for members of the Eurazeo Executive Board is consistent with AFEP-MEDEF recommendations (see Chapter 5, Section 5.8).
The fixed and variable compensation of all employees is reviewed annually and analyzed against internal tables and based on a review of compensation in the markets where Eurazeo operates. Eurazeo firmly believes in allowing employees to benefit from growth in the Company’s earnings. Eurazeo therefore encourages the sharing of value creation, notably by granting long-term instruments. Employees are also eligible for collective compensation in the form of incentive and/or profit-sharing schemes in France.
Furthermore, sustainability criteria have been taken into account since 2014 in calculating the variable compensation of Executive Board members. More particularly, since 2020 Eurazeo’s Sustainability & Impact strategy objectives have been included in the individual assessment, representing 15% of this variable compensation (see Chapter 5, Section 5.8). Since 2019, sustainability criteria have also been taken into account in calculating the variable compensation of all Management Committee members with specific objectives depending on their scope of responsibility. This practice was extended to the investment team members of Article 9 (SFDR) classified funds in 2022 and to Managing Directors in 2023.
Human Rights policy
In January 2022, Eurazeo published its Human Rights policy, through which it explicitly prohibits any use of forced labor, child labor and trafficking of human beings. Eurazeo is committed to respecting Human Rights, ILO principles and the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, ensuring a healthy working environment that respects human dignity.
3.3.1.3Processes for engaging with own workers and workers’ representatives about impacts [S1-2]
Dialogue is based on proximity between management and employees, and the ability to hold discussions in an atmosphere of trust and transparency.
Eurazeo focuses on implementing policies and measures to promote social dialogue with employee representative bodies. The Eurazeo SE and Eurazeo Global Investor (EGI) Social and Economic Committees (SECs) in France hold ordinary monthly meetings and quarterly meetings focusing on health and safety and working conditions, encouraging continuous dialogue and collective feedback from employees. In accordance with its legal obligations, Eurazeo informs and consults the SEC in France on several key topics, such as: health and safety and working conditions, strategic direction, economic and financial results, reorganization or restructuring projects, company social policy, professional training, etc.
- ▰two employee representatives and a SEC representative participate in all Eurazeo Supervisory Board meetings as members and a guest, respectively; and
- ▰employees in France are represented by the SECs of each legal entity (Eurazeo SE and EGI) in accordance with legal provisions.
Eurazeo regularly conducts surveys to measure employee opinions on key topics as part of the dialogue process.
Collective bargaining and social dialogue by region [S1-8]
Coverage rate of permanent and temporary employees as of December 31
Collective bargaining coverage (1)
Social dialogue (2)
2025
2024
2025
2024
Eurazeo
iMGP
Eurazeo
iMGP
Eurazeo
iMGP
Eurazeo
iMGP
Eurazeo
iMGP
Eurazeo
iMGP
Work-
force - EEA (3)Work-
force - EEAWork-
force - Non-EEAWork-
force - Non-EEAWork-
force - EEAWork-
force - EEAWork-
force - Non-EEAWork-
force - Non-EEAWork-
place repre-
sentation
(EEA only)Work-
place repre-
sentation
(EEA only)Work-
place repre-
sentation
(EEA only)Work-
place repre-
sentation
(EEA only)0 -20%
USA
USA
USA
USA
80 -100%
France
France
France
USA
France
France
France
France
- (1)Collective bargaining coverage for countries with at least 50 employees representing at least 10% of total employees.
- (2)Social dialogue for countries with at least 50 employees representing at least 10% of total employees.
- (3)European Economic Area.
3.3.1.4Processes to remediate negative impacts and channels for own workers to raise concerns [S1-3]
Eurazeo fosters a relationship in which it listens to its employees. In 2024, Eurazeo organized a People Survey by interviewing all employees. A new survey will be performed in 2026.
In 2025, Eurazeo launched the “New Gen Lab” initiative, designed to give a voice to young talent on strategic topics for the company. A number of the recommendations made will be selected and implemented during 2026.
More generally, the Executive Board regularly communicates on strategy, highlights and results, and encourages the Management Committee and all team managers to do the same with the teams and ensure, through local management, that employees can express their opinions.
3.3.1.5Taking action on material impacts on own workforce [S1-4]
Eurazeo rolls out various initiatives to guide its decisions and effectively manage the actual and potential impacts on its employees.
Eurazeo anticipates the needs of its employees in terms of jobs and skills in the short, medium and long term. Accordingly, the Human Resources Department has structured its practice into the following lines of action:
The HR Department supervises and accompanies Eurazeo’s development by annually identifying the recruitment and expertise needs of the various departments with managers and Executive Management. It determines the most appropriate recruitment channels, coordinates the process and ensures that hired profiles are in line with skills requirements.
Eurazeo organizes an annual onboarding day for all new hires from all its offices. This event includes a presentation of Eurazeo’s strategy by the CEOs, as well as talks by the heads of the main business categories (Investors, Investor Relations, Corporate functions, Operations, etc.). This format seeks to strengthen the commitment of new employees and their overall understanding of Eurazeo’s strategic challenges.
Eurazeo acts to develop the employability of all its employees via a training and skills development and assessment program and a career management scheme. These measures concern all employees in all locations.
This evaluation process is now fully digitized and provides a clear and structured two‑step sequence:
- ▰self-appraisal, where each employee assesses their achievements and objectives met, thus allowing for prior personal reflection;
- ▰feedback and assessment by the manager.
- ▰the mid-year appraisal, which is a discussion to assess the first half of the year. It is not a formal appraisal but is held to adjust priorities, provide feedback, review progress thus far and identify any support needs; and
- ▰the year-end appraisal, which adopts a more formal approach. Its objectives are to assess the past year’s overall performance (qualitative and quantitative assessments of objectives and skills using a grid defined at company level) and define the objectives for the coming year plus the means of implementation (training, development initiatives).
In 2025, Eurazeo rolled out a 360° Feedback questionnaire for Top Management (Managing Partners, Partners and Managing Directors). This questionnaire is designed to support the development of these employees in the performance of their role, particularly in relation to expected behavior (also aligned with Eurazeo’s values).
In addition, Eurazeo has established a structured framework of professional development interviews, in line with legal requirements in France, to support skills development and career progression for its employees.
Year-end performance appraisal [S1-13]
Percentage of permanent employees having participated in regular appraisals of their performance and career development as of December 31
2025
2024
Eurazeo
iMGP
Total
Total
75% (1)
71%
74%
88%
Women
75%
65%
73%
87%
Men
75%
75%
75%
88%
- (1)These percentage variations are explained by the fact that certain employees, although still in the workforce, were absent at the time the appraisals were held.
Eurazeo supports its employees throughout their career on matters related to their development. Human Resources Business Partners (HRBPs) are available to support employees in their advancement and answer any questions concerning their career: career management (development, workload, individual topics, promotions), functional or geographical mobility, induction interviews during trial periods, feedback interviews for outgoing employees. The HRBPs also assist managers with their managerial duties.
Several types of training were offered to Eurazeo employees in 2025 covering the following subjects:
- ▰soft skills, in particular public speaking and feedback, as well as technical skills related to investment and middle‑office roles: Private Equity fundamentals, fund valuation techniques, key stages of an investment, etc.;
- ▰a training plan for junior investment professionals covering the main topics related to their role;
- ▰a training program for the Transaction teams focusing on tools, processes and the specific features of the different investment strategies;
- ▰a cycle of awareness-raising training courses on sustainability matters for Sustainability & Impact coordinators; and
- ▰a cycle of mandatory and regulatory training courses set up with the Compliance (AMF) and IT/Digital (cybersecurity, digital and IT fundamentals, Salesforce tool) teams.
Eurazeo also organizes individual training sessions to address upskilling needs identified during the appraisal process. Individual and collective coaching is also offered at key moments in an employee’s career (promotions and mobility, return from long absence, greater responsibilities, etc.).
Training hours by gender [S1-13]
- ▰review and update of the Diversity and Inclusion policy and charter;
- ▰monitoring of quantified objectives set by the Executive Board;
- ▰integration of the gender equality concept in HR processes;
- ▰practices promoting an improved work/life balance and measures supporting parental leave;
- ▰awareness-raising and training initiatives.
Eurazeo has set up specific procedures to prevent, mitigate and act on detected discrimination and promote diversity and inclusion. Eurazeo also implements a series of measures, including regular training and assessments, to promote diversity, equity and inclusion. Gender diversity objectives are set for the governing bodies and specific measurement tools are used to monitor Eurazeo’s commitment to such objectives.
Eurazeo organizes external coaching and cross-mentoring programs, especially for women in the Private Equity industry through Level20 sponsorship. Particular consideration is given to female employees during key moments of their career: e.g. when they come back to work from maternity leave or following promotion.
- ▰promotion of female applicants: in the recruitment process, the HR team ensures that the same number of men and women are put forward for available positions, especially at graduate level, where men and women are equally represented;
- ▰working with its peers and Private Equity professional associations to raise awareness and develop best practices in this area. Eurazeo has, in particular, signed up to the diversity charters established by SISTA and France Invest;
- ▰supporting the Florence Foundation: by backing this initiative, Eurazeo helps support the professional integration of young people from priority neighborhoods. This foundation seeks to remove the social barriers faced by these young talents and facilitate their access to the careers of their choice;
- ▰collaboration with the non-profits, ViensVoirMonTaff and Money Ready, by hosting two groups of four 9ᵗʰ‑grade students from priority neighborhoods. By supporting this non-profit, Eurazeo helps promote the professional integration of young people from less privileged backgrounds and offers them a first exposure to the corporate world and the investment industry;
-
▰parenthood:
Eurazeo proposes inclusive practices for maternity and co-parental leave:
- •in France: maternity leave of 45 days covered at 100% or 90 days covered at 50% of salary above the statutory period of leave. Co-parental leave allows fathers to take up to 2 additional weeks of leave on top of the statutory paternity leave,
- •outside France: maternity leave of 22 weeks covered at 100%, regardless of local regulations (unless they are more favorable),
- •in France, 100% funding for nursery slots, the introduction of a Leave Donation policy to support employees during life events requiring them to devote time to their loved ones, and the grant of CESU(2) vouchers to help finance personal services; and flexibility, in particular through the implementation of a remote‑working charter.
As part of its commitment to diversity and inclusion, Eurazeo launched several concrete initiatives in support of disability inclusion in France, notably during the European Week for the Employment of People with Disabilities and on the International Day of Persons with Disabilities on December 3, 2025: screening of videos to raise awareness of invisible disabilities and a virtual‑reality workshop, communication and awareness campaigns for employees, and reminders of disability contacts. These initiatives, open to all Eurazeo employees in France, aim to raise awareness of disability issues, promote inclusion, and support employees with disabilities, including those holding official disability status (RQTH(3)), as well as to ensure that disability is taken into account in recruitment processes.
These actions are a testament to Eurazeo’s commitment to an inclusive and equitable culture, promoting diversity and professional development for all.
Top management as of December 31, 2025 by gender [S1-9]
Unit
2025
2024
Eurazeo
iMGP
Total
Total
Workforce
%
Workforce
%
Workforce
%
Workforce
%
Breakdown of top management (1)
as of December 31 by gender95
100%
19
100%
114
100%
102
100%
Women
26
27%
5
26%
31
27%
28
27%
Men
69
73%
14
74%
83
73%
74
73%
- (1)At Eurazeo, top management includes Managing Directors, Partners, Management Committee members and Executive Board members. At iMGP, top management includes Executive Committee members.
Workforce as of December 31, 2025 by age [S1-9]
Incidents of discrimination and harassment [S1-17]
Eurazeo guarantees an adequate wage for all its employees in every region to cover their basic needs and those of their families.
A Group incentive agreement was set up in 2024 in France to enable employees to share in the Company’s success and solid performance.
Since the merger of the companies in France in 2024, the employees in France of Eurazeo SE, EGI and EIP benefit from the same social policy comprising:
- ▰an employee savings scheme;
- ▰a collective agreement common to Eurazeo’s three French subsidiaries: the collective agreement for Financial Companies; and
- ▰an agreement on working-time arrangements for the EGI and Eurazeo SE entities.
Both in France and internationally, Eurazeo aims to offer its employees social benefits in line with the highest market standards.
Gender pay gap [S1-16]
2025
2024 (2)
Eurazeo
iMGP
Total (1)
Total
Gender pay gap as of December 31, 2025 (%)
40.4%
51.3%
42.1%
42.6%
- (1)The total is the weighted average of Eurazeo and iMGP data.
- (2)The gender pay gap calculation methodology was reviewed in 2025 to include temporary employees. 2024 data was recalculated to reflect this methodology to enable the comparison of 2024 and 2025 figures. The gender pay gap initially communicated in 2024 was 42%.
The gender pay gap is the average pay difference between male and female employees, expressed as a percentage of the average pay for men. The gender pay gap as of December 31, 2025 is calculated by taking into account the annual fixed salary, the target bonus and the free shares awarded in 2025. All permanent and temporary employees, functions, countries and grades are taken into account. The gender pay gap for Eurazeo permanent employees is 39.4% in 2025.
Annual total remuneration ratio [S1-16]
2025
2024(2)
Eurazeo
iMGP
Total (1)
Total
Total annual remuneration ratio as of December 31, 2025
16.9
7.5
15.4
14.3
- (1)The total is the weighted average of Eurazeo and iMGP data.
- (2)The remuneration ratio calculation methodology was reviewed in 2025 to include temporary employees. 2024 data was recalculated to reflect this methodology to enable the comparison of 2024 and 2025 figures. The total annual remuneration ratio initially communicated in 2024 was 14.
The total annual remuneration ratio compares the compensation of the highest paid individual with the annual median compensation of all employees (excluding the highest paid individual). The compensation used to calculate the ratio is the total of fixed and variable compensation awarded during the year and the valuation of options and shares granted during the year, as presented in Section 5.8.2 for corporate officers. The same compensation base is used for company employees. The scope used includes all permanent and temporary employees as of December 31, 2025.
The Company ensures freedom of association, equal pay and respect for working hours and statutory holidays. It is committed to promoting diversity and preventing all unethical behavior. Eurazeo strives to ensure the health, safety and well-being of its employees by respecting the laws in force and strictly preventing health and occupational risks. All employees must factor health and safety into their daily behavior, comply with prevailing guidelines and immediately report any risk or dangerous situation they may identify.
The nature of Eurazeo’s business greatly limits the risk of serious accidents occurring in the workplace. In France, occupational health and safety risk is assessed annually in the DUERP(4) which did not identify any “high” level risks.
In addition, Eurazeo ensures the well-being of its employees by adapting its premises, providing a high-quality workspace satisfying health and safety standards, creating suitable spaces dedicated to well-being, and measuring psychosocial risks. In November 2024, Eurazeo relocated all its Paris-based teams to the same address in a new high-quality and secure environment.
Eurazeo strives to create a stimulating, collaborative and inclusive working environment that boosts performance and talent development. Mindful of the well-being of its employees, Eurazeo proposes schemes to promote their professional and personal development:
- ▰remote working charter - employees benefit from flexible working arrangements in France and abroad;
- ▰leave offered to interns in France and abroad;
- ▰new collaborative working methods: shared offices to encourage knowledge sharing between young and experienced employees and promote collaborative work;
- ▰dedicated areas for discussions, creativity, relaxation and well-being;
- ▰ergonomic and adaptable desks and provision of efficient and adapted IT tools;
- ▰spacious, modern and eco-responsible premises;
- ▰promotion of physical activity among its employees;
- ▰internal events to promote close bonds between all employees;
- ▰webinars to raise awareness on health and well-being at work (e.g.: naturopathy); and
- ▰family-related leave granted to all employees.
In 2025, the absenteeism rate (5) was 3.9% (vs. 3.1% in 2024).
Percentage of permanent employees as of December 31, 2025 who took family-related leave [S1-15] (6)
In general, Eurazeo has high-quality premises that comply with local standards and are based in locations that ensure a safe working environment and are centrally located.
Eurazeo continues to raise employee awareness on safety issues through mandatory occupational health and safety training in France, as part of its risk prevention policy: evacuation training (fire wardens), awareness sessions on the use of defibrillators, and basic first‑aid training (cardiac massage).
3.3.1.6Targets related to managing material negative impacts, advancing positive impacts, and managing material risks and opportunities [S1-5]
Diversity
In addition to its achievements, Eurazeo has set targets to increase the number of women on its teams in the overall workforce, with a particular focus on investment teams and annual recruitment. Eurazeo also has a commitment to limiting the gender pay gap, taking into account roles, seniority, etc., and to maintaining representation on the Supervisory Board at greater than or equal to 40% for the least represented gender. The composition of the Supervisory Board is summarized in Section 3.1.2.1, and detailed in Chapter 5. Finally, for France, Eurazeo also aims to maintain a Gender Equality Index (Pénicaud-Schiappa) greater than or equal to 85/100.
Employee engagement
Eurazeo aims to maintain the People Survey engagement rate above 70%, with a participation rate also above 70%. In 2024, the engagement rate measured by the People Survey was high (77%), as well as the participation rate (73%). This engagement survey was subject to prior consultation with the SEC and resulted in an action plan.
iM Global Partner
In terms of policy, iMGP applies principles of equity and inclusion to ensure a respectful and collaborative work environment. The company aims to be an inclusive organization, where every employee, regardless of ethnicity, gender or sexual orientation, feels valued and fulfilled at work. These commitments are supported by the results of the Great Place to Work survey, in which more than 90% of employees declared being treated fairly. In 2025, 33% of employees were women, and 19 different nationalities were represented among the workforce, demonstrating a commitment to cultural and gender diversity.
In accordance with the iMGP Equal Employment Opportunity policy, harassment or victimization of any kind is not tolerated, including on grounds of age, disability, gender, marital status, pregnancy or maternity, ethnicity, religion or belief, sexual orientation, or any other characteristic. This policy is clearly explained in the employee manual, which is given to each new employee and adapted to their home country. Employees are asked to sign a statement that they have received and read the document.
iMGP is also committed to diversity and equal opportunity through recruitment, personal and professional development, and talent promotion and retention. In line with its equal employment opportunity strategy, iMGP does not tolerate any form of harassment or victimization.
Measures have been implemented to ensure effective social dialogue as detailed above. These initiatives are monitored either using the HR tool, People HR, or through ad hoc surveys such as Great Place to Work.
iMGP has set up a certain number of initiatives and actions to manage the potential negative impacts related to its workforce, while striving to assess the effectiveness of the measures implemented.
To promote well-being and mental health, the company organized a wellness week in 2025 for the third year running, aimed at strengthening the physical and mental health of employees through various activities (sport, conferences, social events, etc.) These initiatives are designed to promote a balanced work environment and promote employee fulfillment.
The teams also received training on how to handle situations of harassment and victimization through sessions on the prevention of sexual harassment, tailored to both managers and all employees. This training clarifies behaviors that constitute sexual harassment and provides practical examples of how to manage these situations, including reporting channels. The training, which lasts 30 to 40 minutes, is mandatory for all European employees. Any employee who has been harassed or victimized is encouraged to report it to Human Resources so that an investigation can be conducted. iM Global Partner has also set up a whistleblowing policy that provides an additional confidential reporting channel.
Talent development is also a priority. In addition to offering a young talent program – now in its fourth year – at key stages of their career, iMGP is committed to the younger generations and aims to ensure that at least 10% of its workforce are trainees or apprentices. These programs offer genuine opportunities for professional development, enabling many participants to join the company under open-ended contracts and quickly move forward in their careers. At the same time, iMGP has introduced competitive employee benefits, including health insurance, pension plans, life insurance and incentives to take regular leave. These measures are designed to build employee loyalty while supporting their overall well-being.
As part of the training modules deployed across Europe, an end-of-training assessment is planned to ensure that employees have properly assimilated the notions covered. Participants must achieve a minimum score of 80% to validate their training.
The effectiveness of all these measures is regularly assessed through surveys such as Great Place to Work, which act as satisfaction surveys to measure employee engagement and the relevance of the initiatives implemented. The results of these surveys demonstrate team satisfaction and the positive impact of the measures adopted. In 2025, iMGP took part for the third consecutive year in the global Great Place to Work survey and obtained Great Place to Work certification for its four offices (France, Luxembourg, UK and US) that met the eligibility criteria for the survey. In addition, for the third year in a row, iMGP UK was named one of the “UK’s Best Workplaces in Financial Services and Insurance” in the small and medium-sized enterprises category.
-
3.4Governance
3.4.1Business conduct [ESRS G1]
The table below lists the business conduct risks considered material in the double materiality assessment, as described in Section 3.1.4.1.
3.4.1.1Role of the administrative, management and supervisory bodies [GOV-1]
The application of best ethics practices is a Eurazeo commitment and is part of a process aimed at developing a strong and exemplary governance model. Compliance and business ethics are regularly monitored by the Supervisory Board and its Audit Committee, as well as by the Executive Board, which has set up a Quarterly committee dedicated to monitoring Eurazeo’s compliance system.
3.4.1.2Business conduct policies [G1-1]
Eurazeo has implemented several policies and procedures in accordance with the Sapin II law to mitigate risks related to whistleblower protection and business ethics. They apply to all Eurazeo employees in all geographical locations. Their implementation is overseen by Gabriel Kunde, General Counsel.
Eurazeo Code of Conduct: The Code of Conduct is the reference framework for Eurazeo’s ethics, compliance and social responsibility commitments. It applies to corporate officers, executives, all employees and other employees (interns, temporary workers, external personnel, etc.). This Code sets out the fundamental principles that guide our activities, in particular regarding our regulatory obligations. It also governs compliance with competition rules, the management of conflicts of interest, the responsible use of Eurazeo’s assets and best practice for external communications, including on social media.
The Code also reflects the strong commitment of Eurazeo’s co‑CEOs, who are fully engaged in promoting these rules and ensuring adherence to the highest standards of ethics and compliance. Their involvement ensures that these principles are embedded at the core of Euazeo’s strategy and practices.
Finally, each employee undertakes to comply with this Code and to reaffirm their commitment to it every year. This is supplemented by an annual personal compliance statement.
The provisions of the Code of Conduct are consistent with the various business conduct standards and initiatives to which Eurazeo subscribes: the International Bill of Human Rights, International Labour Organization (ILO) conventions, the Organisation for Economic Co‑operation and Development (OECD) Guidelines, etc. In addition, certain Eurazeo entities are subject to specific requirements, such as Eurazeo SE, which is regulated by the French Financial Markets Authority (AMF), Eurazeo North America, Inc., which is regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), Eurazeo UK Ltd, which complies with the Conduct Rules issued by the Financial Conduct Authority, and Eurazeo Funds Management Luxembourg, which is regulated by the Luxembourg Financial Services Regulator (CSSF). These entities therefore have their own set of procedures in place to meet these requirements.
The Code of Conduct is accessible on Eurazeo’s intranet and website. Employees can directly consult with the Company’s compliance officers should they have any questions or issues related to its application or understanding. Eurazeo therefore ensures that each individual understands and applies these policies.
Professional whistleblowing system
At Eurazeo, all employees are invited to report any illegal conduct or behavior contrary to the Code of Conduct, through a professional whistleblowing system, in accordance with the Sapin II Act and Directive (EU) 2019/1937. These reports may relate to unethical or illegal conduct, such as corruption or harassment. These reports can be made to an immediate superior, compliance officers or via a designated e-mail address: the whistleblowing hotline.
Reports are handled confidentially by an external body. In case of violation or breach of the Code of Conduct or misuse of the whistleblowing hotline, Eurazeo may apply disciplinary sanctions. No sanction, dismissal or direct or indirect discriminatory action may be taken against a whistleblower or a facilitator assisting the whistleblower in their reporting process.
In the event an incident is reported, the mobilized external body ensures receipt of whistleblowing reports, the confidentiality of exchanges, interactions with the whistleblower, and data protection. If the report is confirmed, it contacts the internal ethics officers appointed to launch the investigation process. The identity of the whistleblower and any facilitator is strictly protected throughout the procedures.
The mandatory training program is designed to raise awareness of business ethics risks, with a focus on individual accountability and compliance with internal and regulatory requirements. The training program comprises a set of courses to be completed annually. The framework includes, in particular, specific modules covering the following topics:
- ▰anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism;
- ▰preventing and combating corruption;
- ▰personal data protection;
- ▰MIFID II;
- ▰preventing insider trading and managing conflicts of interest;
- ▰raising awareness of Eurazeo’s Code of Conduct.
The objective is to promote a strong culture of compliance and ensure a consistent understanding of the rules. Each employee is thus equipped with the knowledge needed to adopt the right reflexes and make decisions that are aligned with Eurazeo’s ethical principles.
Eurazeo aims to train 100% of its employees. In 2025, 100% of employees completed the training and Eurazeo identified 138 employees in functions-at-risk. To ensure rigorous monitoring, training results are periodically assessed by the Compliance team.
ESRS G1: Business conduct - iM Global Partner
At iMGP, compliance and business ethics are regularly monitored by internal and external auditors at company level as well as by the management company’s compliance department.
iMGP also has a Code of Ethics which defines the values and principles that must guide the behavior of its employees and stakeholders. It refers to the set of policies and procedures that govern the company’s day-to-day activities. The Code also covers the system set up to prevent corruption and insider trading.
iMGP has introduced various policies and procedures to reduce business ethics risks and protect whistleblowers. Employees can therefore refer to the following policies:
- ▰the Code of Ethics;
-
▰the
Anti-Corruption Compliance Program and procedures for:
- •third-party assessment,
- •the ethics whistleblowing hotline,
- •management of external mandates,
- •general delegation policy, gifts and entertainment, donations and sponsorship, conflicts of interest management, corruption risk mapping; and
- ▰the Personal and Group Data Protection Compliance Program.
The iMGP Code of Ethics sets out the standards of ethics and integrity applicable to all employees. This document also includes specific guidelines on the prevention of corruption, insider trading, conflicts of interest and money laundering. All employees receive the Code of Conduct when they join the company and must annually reaffirm their commitment to its principles. To ensure rigorous monitoring, training results are periodically assessed and analyzed by the compliance team.
All employees can access iMGP’s Code of Conduct and all resulting policies and procedures on the Company’s public network. Employees can directly consult with the Compliance Department should they have any questions or issues related to the application or understanding of the Code.
All employees are invited to report any illegal conduct or behavior contrary to the Code of Conduct, through a professional whistleblowing system, in accordance with the Sapin II Act and Directive (EU) 2019/1937. These reports can be made to an immediate superior, the Compliance Officer of the relevant entity, HR, or via a designated e-mail address. Reports are treated confidentially. In case of violation or non-compliance with the Code of Ethics, iMGP may apply disciplinary sanctions.
In addition, iMGP provides mandatory ethics and compliance training every year to guide the behavior of all employees and stakeholders through the LRN online training platform (formerly Thomson Reuters) as well as mandatory annual training facilitated by the Compliance Officer of each Group entity.
Although all iMGP employees are subject to by the anti-corruption framework, including the training programs, the persons most at risk in the organization were identified as those who have the authority to validate and/or approve, in addition to sales team employees.
iMGP aims to train 100% of its employees, including Group management, through its anti-corruption training program. In 2025, 100% of employees completed the anti-corruption training course.
-
3.5Appendix
3.5.1List of datapoints incorporated by reference
To facilitate the reading of the Sustainability Statement, Eurazeo incorporates certain information by reference summarized in the table below.
Datapoint
URD section
Description of Eurazeo’s business model and strategy
Chapter 1
Composition of the Supervisory Board and its committees
Chapter 5, Section 5.1
Expertise and competencies of the Supervisory Board and its committees
Chapter 5, Section 5.3 and 5.4
Integration of sustainability-related performance in incentive schemes
Chapter 4, Section 5.8.1
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3.6Report on the verification of sustainability information
Report on the certification of sustainability information and verification of the disclosure requirements under Article 8 of Regulation (EU) 2020/852 of Eurazeo S.E. for the year ended December 31, 2025
This is a translation into English of the statutory auditor’s report on the certification of sustainability information and verification of the disclosure requirements under Article 8 of Regulation (EU) 2020/852 of the Company issued in French and it is provided solely for the convenience of English-speaking users.
This report should be read in conjunction with, and construed in accordance with, French law and the H2A guidelines, “Limited assurance engagement - Certification of sustainability reporting and verification of disclosure requirements set out in Article 8 of Regulation (EU) 2020/852".
This report is issued in our capacity as one of the statutory auditors of Eurazeo SE. It covers the sustainability information and the information required by Article 8 of Regulation (EU) 2020/852, relating to the year ended 31 December 2025, included in the “Sustainability Statement” Section of the Group management report and presented in Chapter 3 of the Universal Registration Document (hereinafter the “Sustainability Statement”).
Our procedures covered this information and were performed in an evolving context marked by uncertainties regarding the interpretation of texts and the development of market practice.
Pursuant to Article L. 233-28-4 of the French Commercial Code (code de commerce), Eurazeo SE is required to include the above-mentioned information in a separate section of the Group management report.
This information enables an understanding of the impact of the activities of the Eurazeo SE Group on sustainability matters, as well as the way in which these matters influence the development of the Group’s business, its performance and position. Sustainability matters include environmental, social and corporate governance matters.
Pursuant to Article L. 821-54 paragraph II of the aforementioned Code our responsibility is to carry out the procedures necessary to issue a conclusion, expressing limited assurance, on:
- ▰compliance with the requirements resulting from the sustainability reporting standards adopted by the European Commission pursuant to Article 29b of Directive 2013/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of June 26, 2013 as amended by Directive (EU) 2022/2464 of the European Parliament and of the Council of December 14, 2022 (hereinafter the European Sustainability Reporting Standards or ESRS) of the process implemented by Eurazeo SE to determine the information reported, including the obligation to consult the Social and Economic Committee provided for in Article L. 2312-17, paragraph 6, of the French Labor Code, where the entity is subject to this obligation;
- ▰compliance of the sustainability information included in the Sustainability Statement with the requirements of Article L.233-28-4 of the French Commercial Code, including ESRS; and
- ▰compliance with the reporting requirements set out in Article 8 of Regulation (EU) 2020/852.
This engagement is carried out in compliance with the ethical rules, including independence, and quality control rules prescribed by the French Commercial Code.
It is also governed by the H2A (Haute Autorité de l’Audit) guidelines, “Limited assurance engagement - Certification of sustainability reporting and verification of disclosure requirements set out in Article 8 of Regulation (EU) 2020/852".
In the three separate sections of the report that follow, we present, for each of the sections of our engagement, the nature of the procedures that we carried out, the conclusions that we drew from these procedures and, in support of these conclusions, the elements to which we paid particular attention and the procedures that we carried out with regard to these elements. We draw your attention to the fact that we do not express a conclusion on any of these elements taken individually and that the procedures described should be considered in the overall context of the formation of the conclusions issued in respect of each of the three sections of our engagement.
Finally, where deemed necessary to draw your attention to one or more disclosures of sustainability information provided by Eurazeo SE in the Group management report, we have included an emphasis of matter paragraph hereafter.
Limits of our engagement
As the purpose of our engagement is to express limited assurance, the nature (choice of techniques), extent (scope) and timing of the procedures are less than those required to obtain reasonable assurance.
This engagement does not guarantee the viability or the quality of the management of Eurazeo SE, in particular it does not provide an assessment of the relevance of the choices made by Eurazeo SE in terms of action plans, targets, policies, scenario analyses and transition plans, beyond compliance with the ESRS reporting requirements.
In addition, in the case of forward-looking information that is by nature uncertain, actual results may differ, sometimes materially, from the forecasts presented in the Group management report.
Our engagement does, however, allow us to express conclusions regarding the process for determining the sustainability information to be reported, the sustainability information itself, and the information reported pursuant to Article 8 of Regulation (EU) 2020/852, as to the absence of identification or, on the contrary, the identification of errors, omissions or inconsistencies of such importance that they would be likely to influence the decisions that readers of the information subject to this engagement might make.
The sustainability information and the information required by Article 8 of Regulation (EU) 2020/852 may be subject to the uncertainty inherent to the state of scientific knowledge and the quality of external data used. Some information is sensitive to the choice of methodology and the assumptions and/or estimates used for its preparation and presented in the Group management report.
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04 - Risk factors
The Eurazeo group’s main activity is asset management for institutional and retail clients. Its mission, as a leading European private markets investment group, is to maximize value creation responsibly and over the long-term, for its clients and shareholders. Its proven investment experience and its platform operating across all asset classes (mainly in Europe) enable it to create value by supporting companies in their development and then pass this value on to clients when realizing these investments.
In 2023, Eurazeo launched a new phase in its development and the scaling-up of its model, with the ambition to become, by 2027, the European leader in private asset management in the mid-market, growth and impact segment. To this end, Eurazeo defines and pursues a certain number of strategic, financial and operating objectives. The occurrence of certain risks could impact its ability to achieve its objectives. In the same way as other companies, Eurazeo operates in an environment subject to uncertainty, where risk-taking is inseparable from the search for opportunities and the desire to grow the Company.
It is therefore important for Eurazeo to identify, prevent and mitigate the impact of the main risks likely to threaten the attainment of its objectives, by designing and implementing appropriate internal control and risk management systems. Under the responsibility of the Executive Board, these systems:
- ▰are incorporated into the business model and business processes specific to the organization, in order to contribute positively to the conduct and management of its different activities and provide a competitive edge for the Company, particularly by improving decision-making; and
- ▰are part of a continuous improvement process, mobilizing Company employees around a shared vision of the main risks.
While the internal control and risk management systems are as well implemented and designed as possible, they cannot provide an absolute guarantee that the Company’s objectives will be achieved. The systems are generally limited by human factors: decision-making relies on people and the exercise of their judgment.
- (i)the characteristics of the internal control and risk management systems implemented by Eurazeo; and
- (ii)the specific aspects of the main risks to which the Group is exposed.
- ▰the information presented does not claim to be comprehensive (unknown risks, risks poorly or not identified, etc.) and does not cover all the risks to which the Company may be exposed in the conduct of its activities. The analysis performed by Eurazeo focuses on those risks considered capable of calling into question business continuity or that could have a material negative impact on its activity, financial position or results (financial impact, particularly on management fees, performance fees or the net value of Eurazeo’s portfolio) and/or on the development of the Company (particularly impacting its reputation and the human factor). To the best of Eurazeo’s knowledge, there are no material risks other than those presented. Information on financial risks is also presented pursuant to the French Commercial Code (Article L. 22-10-35);
- ▰the description only provides an overview of risks at a point in time;
- ▰Eurazeo’s legitimate concerns regarding the possible consequence of disclosing certain information have been taken into account, while respecting the rules governing the communication of information to the market and investors.
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4.1Risk management, internal control and compliance systems
The risk management and internal control systems provide a complementary contribution to controlling the activities of the Company:
- ▰the risk management system seeks to identify and analyze the main risks to which the Company is exposed. Identified risks likely to exceed the acceptable limits set by the Company are mitigated and, when required, action plans are prepared. These actions plans provide for the implementation of controls, the transfer of the financial consequences (insurance mechanisms or equivalent) or a change to the organizational structure;
- ▰the internal control system relies on the risk management system to identify the main risks to be controlled. In the same way as the general principles of the AMF framework, Eurazeo’s internal control system seeks to ensure: compliance with legislation and regulations, application of the instructions and strategic direction set by the Executive Board, the smooth running of the Company’s internal processes, particularly those contributing to the security of its assets and the reliability of financial information.
These systems rely on processes (4.1.1), key players (4.1.2) and an environment promoting honest and ethical behavior (4.1.3), which are presented successively below.
The systems presented (functioning as of December 31, 2025) cover all transactions performed within a scope comprising the investment company Eurazeo SE, the portfolio management companies, EFML, EGI and EIP(1) and their offices (subsidiaries, branches and representation offices) located outside France (New York, London, Frankfurt, Berlin, Milan, Madrid, Shanghai, Seoul, Singapore, Stockholm, Tokyo and São Paulo). These entities host nearly all the Group’s different investment strategies and account for c. 99% of assets under management as of December 31, 2025. Kurma Partners and the IM Global Partner group entities have implemented their own internal control and risk management systems.
Eurazeo has three asset classes: Private Equity, Private Debt and Real Assets – comprising a range of expertise/strategies enabling company financing across the entire investment spectrum. These strategies break down as follows:
- ▰Private Equity: Buyout (Elevate and Capital), Growth, Brands, Healthcare, Venture, Planetary Boundaries, Secondaries & Mandates;
- ▰Private Debt (tailor-made financing for SMEs valued at between €25 million and €500 million);
- ▰Real Assets: Real Estate and Infrastructure.
Across all these strategies, the Eurazeo group seeks to deploy both its clients’ capital (third-party fund management) and the capital on its balance sheet (permanent capital of the Eurazeo SE investment company).
Some of the more recent strategies may be backed primarily by Eurazeo’s balance sheet until their performance becomes sufficiently attractive for fundraising with third-party investors. The more mature strategies are generally financed by both Eurazeo SE permanent capital and client capital. This capital is invested in funds managed by one of the Group portfolio management companies.
As of December 31, 2025, Eurazeo group assets under management total €39.0 billion and break down as follows:
- ▰€30.1 billion invested on behalf of our clients;
- ▰permanent capital of the Eurazeo SE investment company of €8.9 billion invested directly or in funds managed by the Group’s portfolio management companies;
4.1.1Factoring in risks in the key processes
In its bid to create value, Eurazeo has organized its activities around a certain number of processes which play a key role not only in creating value, but also in preserving value.
Eurazeo’s business processes: Fundraise/Invest/Manage and Realize
The organization and procedures implemented by Eurazeo in the conduct of its asset management business seek, in particular, to:
- ▰optimize the identification, classification and vetting of investment projects with growth prospects;
- ▰ensure that investment decisions are taken with full knowledge of identifiable risks liable to affect its value;
- ▰achieve the planned transformation of each investment in order to create value;
- ▰optimize the timing and the terms of the sale of its investments;
- ▰optimize fundraising and increase Eurazeo’s investment capacity, by best serving the interests of clients.
Fundraising
For investor fundraising activities, all strategies are supported by a dedicated and experienced Investor Relations central team of more than 50 people, under the supervision of Christophe Bavière, Co-CEO of the Group. This team seeks to identify client expectations and requirements, and to promote Eurazeo’s expertise to them by building long-term relationships. Team members specialize by geographic area and investment type and cover three main activities:
- ▰fundraising: dedicated teams are responsible for fundraising and covering investors in their regions;
- ▰marketing: supports the fundraising team by creating commercial documentation, drafting responses to tenders and due diligence questionnaires, as well as producing market research;
- ▰client service: meets the needs of clients (institutions and retail) who have invested in the Group’s funds. Working in close conjunction with the sales, operations and investment teams, the client service specialists ensure that requests from the various investors are handled correctly.
These teams work closely with the investment teams, who are also involved in fundraising on a daily basis. This organization aims to enable the Eurazeo group to increase its investment capacity.
While the way in which Eurazeo and its teams interact with clients is a key success factor, it also presents a number of risks that could damage the Group’s reputation and generate disputes with clients (see Sections 4.2.2.4 Conflicts of interest and 4.2.2.5 Disputes with clients). Eurazeo therefore expects its employees to conduct fund marketing activities (i.e. fundraising) in accordance with best ethical standards and prevailing regulations. Eurazeo has defined a Responsible sales and marketing policy setting out the values, principles and guidelines to be complied with by all Group employees in their dealings with clients. In particular, this policy covers the marketing documentation produced by the teams and shared with clients. The essential principles highlighted are notably: information clarity and transparency, the issue of recommendations tailored to clients, the interests of client/prospective clients always taking precedence (i.e. equal treatment), confidentiality of information entrusted by the client and rigorous internal control procedures for the review of all marketing documentation prior to publication.
Investment (Detection/Decision)
In each strategy, dedicated investment teams meet on a collegiate basis at least once a week to address deal flow, the monitoring of portfolio companies and preparing their exit.
Each investment opportunity is documented through formal monitoring as the analysis of each opportunity progresses. In accordance with defined procedures, the analysis of each new investment opportunity is led by the deal team (i.e. a team comprising one or more members of the strategy investment team) which is responsible for the analysis, financial arrangement and completion of the investment.
At a later stage, opportunities are discussed during Investment Committee meetings of the relevant strategy – where there is significant interest, the decision is taken to perform due diligence procedures and commit the related expenditure. The risks associated with each investment opportunity are reviewed and reassessed based on progress. The deal team ensures the proper performance of due diligence procedures and ensures, throughout the process, that satisfactory conditions have been negotiated regarding the issues or risks raised by due diligence procedures prior to any investment decision (see Section 4.2.1.3. Risks related to the vetting of investment projects, of this Chapter).
Where necessary, the teams instruct external advisors mainly in the case of due diligence procedures likely to cover accounting, legal, taxation, strategic, sustainability, insurance or market issues. The deal team then performs a comprehensive assessment of the opportunity. This document is both factual (verifications, quantified data, analyses, compliance review) and issues a conclusion on whether the investment is considered advisable. It acts as a basis for discussion at the Investment Committee meeting.
In this analytical phase, particularly for the strategies seeking to acquire majority stakes or stakes with significant influence over the share capital, the Eurazeo group Sustainability & Impact, Legal, IT and Human Resources Departments generally assist the investment teams. They conduct analyses in their respective areas of expertise and due diligence procedures in the risk areas identified as a priority; their conclusions are included in the assessment of the opportunity.
Each strategy has its own Investment Committee which is sovereign in its investment and divestment decision-making for funds under its management.
- ▰in accordance with the internal rules (2) of the Supervisory Board, the Eurazeo SE Executive Board presents investment and divestment plans for assets financed by the Company to the Supervisory Board every six months. Within the limits of the investment plans presented to the Board, the Executive Board decides the amount of permanent capital that Eurazeo SE undertakes to invest in the funds of the different Group strategies;
- ▰the Investment Committees of each of the strategies are autonomous and sovereign in their decisions to invest or divest for the vehicles under their management, up to the amount subscribed by the investors and partners and regulatory or contractual restrictions applicable to the vehicles.
Management and realization (Monitoring/Transformation/Value enhancement)
Under the supervision of the investment teams, the priority and/or transformational projects focusing on risks and opportunities identified during the analysis phase of a company are launched post-acquisition. The investment and corporate teams (Sustainability & Impact, Risk management, Human Resources, Finance, IT and Legal) may also assist management of the relevant companies with the conduct of these projects.
Portfolio companies (and particularly their value creation, performance, risks projects, etc.) are monitored through combined team meetings, generally on a weekly basis.
During the development and transformation phase of an investment, the management of each portfolio company produces a monthly report (performance, outlook, business review, risks, etc.). The governance structure set-up in controlled portfolio companies (particularly Audit Committees) offers an additional means of monitoring the efficiency of risk management and internal control in the portfolio companies.
Fund risks are monitored by the Risk management functions in the various management companies, in conjunction with the Group Risk Department. This monitoring is presented in particular at meetings of management company Risk Committees.
Processes covering the preparation and processing of financial information
Organization of the management of accounting and financial information
The financial statements of the Eurazeo group are prepared in accordance with IFRS standards and interpretations as adopted in the European Union at the reporting date.
As the parent company, Eurazeo SE defines and oversees the preparation of published accounting and financial information. This process, which is under the responsibility of the Chief Financial Officer & Head of Operations, is organized by the Accounting Department teams.
The Executive Board approves Eurazeo’s separate and consolidated financial statements (interim and annual). Accordingly, it ensures that the processes for preparing accounting and financial information produce reliable information and give, in a timely manner, a fair view of the Company’s financial position and results. It obtains and reviews all information that it deems useful, such as closing options, critical accounting positions and judgments, changes in accounting method, results of audits performed by the Statutory Auditors and explanations of the calculation of profit or loss, the presentation of the Statement of Financial Position and the Notes to the financial statements.
Members of the Audit Committee examine the annual and interim financial statements, and monitor the process for preparing accounting and financial information. Their conclusions are based notably on information produced by the Chief Financial Officer and Head of Operations and his team, discussions with them during Audit Committee meetings (held at least once every quarter) and the findings of internal audits, where applicable. The Chairman of the Audit Committee reports on the Committee’s work to the Supervisory Board.
Consolidated financial statements (application of IFRS 10) and fair value of the investment portfolio in the balance sheet
IFRS 10 (Consolidated financial statements) provides, in particular, an exemption whereby investment entities need not present consolidated financial statements. As of January 1, 2023, Eurazeo SE considered that it now met the criteria of an investment company, following gradual, in-depth changes in the Group’s strategy. Furthermore, since this date, all portfolio companies (other than subsidiaries providing services that relate to the investment company’s activities) are measured at fair value through profit or loss.
Following the accounting classification of Eurazeo as an investment company under IFRS 10, the investment portfolio on the balance sheet is measured at fair value through profit or loss. Accordingly, the fair value of the balance sheet investment portfolio is now a key indicator for measuring value creation by capital invested by the balance sheet in the Group’s various strategies. Determining fair value is an integral part of preparing the consolidated financial statements, and its verification is covered by the scope of statutory audit procedures for the certification of the consolidated financial statements.
Periodic valuation of investments: determining the net value of the balance sheet investment portfolio and the net asset value of funds managed
Depending on the frequency fund net asset values are updated, generally quarterly, a Valuation Committee meeting is held for each investment strategy to determine the value of portfolio companies and set the net asset value of the funds managed. Committee members are: the ICCO (Internal Control and Compliance Officer) and the management company Independent Valuer, as well as the members of the investment team, the Finance Director and the Portfolio Director of the relevant strategy. This process is highly structured and, in accordance with the AIFM Directive, seeks to ensure that valuation procedures are established to provide an appropriate valuation of fund assets that is independent of the management teams. To this end, strategy Portfolio Monitoring teams perform level 1 controls in the investment valuation process and are independent of the investment teams. Finally, the Independent Valuer (internal to each management company) performs level 2 controls and guarantees the application of asset valuation best practices and compliance with internal valuation procedures. The work of the various parties involved in the process is discussed with the investment team in the Valuation Committee, which, for each strategy, is the sovereign body responsible for determining the valuation of portfolio companies. The final decision taken by the Committee is validated by the Independent Valuer, who has the power of final arbitration when the Valuation Committee members cannot agree on a valuation.
At Group level, the Chief Financial Officer & Head of Operations is responsible for and coordinates the process of determining the net value of the investment portfolio in the balance sheet, and guarantees the consistency and uniformity of valuation methods selected at Group level and in the management companies. The net value of the portfolio is set by the Executive Board when adopting the consolidated financial statements.
The valuation principles used for investment portfolio assets comply with IFRS 13 and IFRS 9 as well as IPEV (International Private Equity Valuation Guidelines) recommendations. Based on these recommendations, which propose a multi-criteria approach, Eurazeo’s generally preferred method for valuing its unlisted investments is based on comparable multiples (stock market capitalization or transactions) applied to earnings figures taken from the income statement. Where necessary, these are adjusted to reflect a recurring level, such as that established in a transaction. The multiple adopted is based on an acquisition multiple revalidated at each valuation date using medium-term market multiple trends. These multiples are determined either independently by a corporate bank or using public data. Where the comparables method is not relevant, other valuation methods are used. The methodology used to value investment portfolio assets is consistently applied from one fiscal year to the next. Sample comparables are also stable, as much as possible, over the long-term.
Financial communications
All financial communications are prepared by the Investor Relations Department (with support from the Communications Department), using as a guideline best-practice standards in financial communication.
The Executive Board defines the financial communications strategy. All press releases are validated prior to issue by the members of the Executive Board. Furthermore, after validation by the Executive Board, press releases announcing interim and annual results are successively submitted to the Audit Committee and the Supervisory Board. The Supervisory Board Committees can also be consulted in an advisory capacity on specific subjects, before the information is released. Prior to the disclosure of “non-accounting” indicators to the market (Assets under Management and analytical earnings aggregates), calculation and valuation components are presented in detail to Eurazeo Audit Committee meetings Eurazeo does not communicate with analysts, journalists or investors during the four weeks prior to the release of the interim and annual results, or during the two weeks before the release of financial information for the first and third quarters.
Processes covering the preparation and processing of sustainability information
Eurazeo’s Sustainability Statement is prepared in accordance with ESRS standards relating to the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD). As the parent company, Eurazeo SE defines and oversees the preparation of sustainability information. This process, which is under the responsibility of the Managing Partner Sustainability & Impact, is organized by the Sustainability & Impact teams.
The Executive Board approves Eurazeo’s sustainability information annually. Accordingly, it ensures that the processes for preparing sustainability information produce reliable information and give, in a timely manner, a fair view of the Company’s non-financial position. It obtains and reviews all information that it deems useful, such as the double materiality analysis or the findings of the Statutory Auditors’ procedures.
The Audit and CSR Committees, meeting in a joint session, examine the sustainability information. The Chairman of the CSR Committee reports on the Committee’s work to the Supervisory Board.
Finally, the information contained in the Sustainability Statement is reviewed by the Statutory Auditors. The conclusions of these procedures are summarized in the report presented in Chapter 3, Section 3.6.
Cash management and financing
Depending on the timing of investments, divestments, capital calls and distributions, the level of Eurazeo’s available cash can vary significantly and can sometimes reach substantial levels. Close attention is therefore paid to the appropriate management of cash-related risks. As of December 31, 2025, Group consolidated net financial debt amounted to €1.1 billion. The Head of Capital Markets, Financing and Treasury is in charge of the daily control of cash transactions. Control activities are part of compliance with the policy and prudential rules laid down by the Treasury Committee (see also Section 4.2.3.3.4 Counterparty risk of this Chapter). They notably cover the strict application of delegation of authority procedures, the monitoring of investment performance, the monitoring of counterparty risk, the analysis of changes in the cash position over the period, the preparation of cash forecasts, and the issue of alerts and recommendations to the Treasury Committee (see Section 4.1.2 Risk management players).
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4.2Risk factors
A summary table of the main Eurazeo risk factors is presented below; it contains the risk factors deemed significant when making investment decisions, with regard to the effects they could have on the Company, particularly its business continuity, the successful conduct and performance of its activities (financial impacts, particularly on management fees, performance fees or the net value of Eurazeo’s portfolio) or its development (particularly reputation and human factors).
The risk factors are classified in a limited number of categories depending on their nature: (i) strategic and operational risks linked to activity, (ii) image and compliance risks, and (iii) financial risks. In each presented category, the risks are ranked based on their criticality (i.e. presented in decreasing order of importance).
The level of criticality is evaluated during a risk mapping exercise, based on a combination of the probability of occurrence and the estimated impact of each risk, and considering measures put in place to mitigate the risk. The risk criticality is assessed on a four-point scale (low, moderate, high, significant). Only risks with a “moderate”, “high” or “significant” criticality level are set out in this chapter. The risk presentation, ranking and description only provides a snapshot at a given moment. Depending, in particular, on changes in the economic environment and market conditions, exposure to a risk factor and the magnitude of related risks are likely to vary.
Information on financial risks is also presented pursuant to the French Commercial Code (Article L. 225-100). Other risks, not known or not considered material by Eurazeo at the date of this Universal Registration Document, could also impact its activities.
4.2.1Strategic and operational risks linked to activities
4.2.1.1Uncertainties relating to the macro-economic environment

Risk that a deterioration in the business climate (inflation, energy crisis, low growth/recession, reduced appeal of certain sectors, geopolitical tension, outcome of military conflict in Ukraine and the Middle East, etc.) (i) negatively affects the performance of the portfolio companies and/or (ii) alters the investment, transformation, value enhancement and divestment conditions for portfolio companies.
Generally speaking, an adverse change in the political and economic environment and a deterioration in the business climate can alter investment conditions. An unfavorable economic outlook is also liable to have an adverse impact on the future performance of certain portfolio companies, which for Eurazeo could be negatively reflected in its consolidated financial statements (performance fees, portfolio net value in the balance sheet) and/or the performance of its funds under management.
As regards the geographic spread of the current portfolio, portfolio companies operate mainly in Europe, making their performance particularly sensitive to economic growth in this region. Depending on their business model and sector, the activities of Eurazeo’s portfolio companies have differing levels of sensitivity to changes in the economic environment. With the maturity of the Private Equity industry, sector specialization has become crucial to contributing to the relevance and performance of investments. The Group has successfully positioned itself in segments with underlying growth trends: business services, specialty financial services, healthcare, energy transition or climate solutions. It is recalled that during the Covid-19 pandemic health crisis, the Eurazeo group demonstrated the excellent resistance of a large portion of its portfolio as well as its financial strength, attesting to the relevance of its diversification strategy. Moreover, in 2025, balance sheet divestments totaled €1.5 billion, i.e. c. 20% of the portfolio value at the end of 2024, underlining Eurazeo’s ability to deploy its strategic roadmap in an uncertain context and its ability to monetize its assets on attractive terms.
The succession of adverse economic factors in recent years (Covid-19 pandemic, war in Ukraine, geopolitical tension, inflation, higher interest rates, energy crisis, etc.) has weakened global macro-economic stability and contributed to a slowdown in worldwide growth. In 2025, despite a complex and uncertain economic context, the robust performance delivered by portfolio companies on the balance sheet (+3% revenue growth) confirms the relevance of Eurazeo’s sector choices in buoyant segments (particularly healthcare, business services, digital technology and energy transition). With regard to the Russian-Ukrainian conflict and considering the Group’s very low exposure in Ukraine and Russia, the direct effects of the war (and the related sanctions) on the Eurazeo group portfolio were extremely limited.
The direct impact of the armed conflict that broke out in Iran and the Middle East in February 2026 on the Eurazeo group portfolio is relatively limited, both in terms of revenue and production capacity (no direct investments in the region, low exposure to local markets and to local supply chains). As of the date of this Universal Registration Document, it remains difficult to assess the medium‑term indirect effects on the Group.
Lastly, more generally, as of the date of this Universal Registration Document, escalating trade tensions, a highly unstable geopolitical environment, a possible resurgence of inflation and risks related to indebtedness remain significant sources of uncertainty.
Potential effects
- ▰Change in the ability to transform, monetize and divest our portfolio companies in line with the investment vision
- ▰Deterioration in the performance of portfolio companies that may be reflected in the value of the balance sheet portfolio and the performance of funds managed
- ▰Liquidity problems for some portfolio companies
Example risk mitigation measures
- ▰Partial investment strategy in resilient and/or high-growth potential business models
- ▰Diversified business portfolio, which has proven its resilience
- ▰Cautious debt ratio and/or level of covenants
4.2.1.2Ability to raise funds

Risk that Eurazeo is unable to achieve its fundraising objectives to finance its investment programs.
2025 was the second year of Eurazeo’s new strategic plan which aims to make the Group the leading private asset manager in Europe in the mid-market, growth and impact segments. In pursuing this ambition, Eurazeo is exposed on the fundraising market to investor behavior towards the asset classes in which it proposes to invest: private equity, private debt and real assets. The private equity sector accounts for close to 66% of Eurazeo assets under management (AuM). Whilst institutional investor appetite for this type of asset has been historically high, it does not guarantee future behavior. In a complex and uncertain market context, we have observed a lengthening of the fundraising cycle in the private equity sector as a whole in the past three years, with the fundraising market reaching a low. In the view of market observers, despite headwinds in certain segments, fundraising in Europe remained resilient in 2025 and European private equity continued to show positive momentum, with managers boasting strong track records and specialized sector strategies capturing the bulk of inflows.
To mitigate the risk of its investors focusing on other asset classes, Eurazeo must be able to reinforce and expand its international investor network, and continue to deliver attractive performance that benefits clients. The Group is one of the few in Europe that can offer its clients investment solutions in three high-yield asset classes – private equity, private debt and real assets/infrastructure – over the entire development cycle of companies – venture, growth, lower and upper midcap – and with expertise in all buoyant sectors. In addition, the support and expertise contributed by an experienced central team dedicated to marketing and fundraising (with professionals specialized by geographic area and/or product) offers a further competitive advantage. In 2025, the Group strengthened its investor relations and fundraising teams, specifically in strategic geographies such as the Nordic countries (opening an office in Stockholm). Eurazeo’s strategic plan also seeks to roll out its offering to retail investors in Germany, Benelux and Italy.
In 2025, Eurazeo continued to gain market share with major international and retail investors, supported by its leading platform in the European midmarket. Funds raised from investors totaled €5.5 billion, up +28% on 2024, in a declining global market. The Group continued to increase the international profile of its institutional LP client base, with over 70% of funds coming from outside France in 2025 and particularly from Asia and continental Europe.
In 2025, retail investor fundraising recorded its first successes outside France, especially in Belgium, and the signature of new distribution partnerships in Germany, Switzerland and Italy. Two new Luxembourg evergreen funds, EPIC and EPSO, launched at the end of 2025, will help to consolidate the Group’s growth ambitions in Europe.
As of December 31, 2025, Eurazeo assets under management (AuM) total €39.0 billion.
Potential effects
- ▰Adverse impacts on the level of management fees (stagnation or decline) and on Eurazeo net income
- ▰Change in Eurazeo’s ability to sustainably deploy its investment strategies
Example risk mitigation measures
- ▰Track record (i.e. performance of previous vintages)
- ▰Investor Relations: central team dedicated to marketing and fundraising, assisting the Group’s various strategies
- ▰Stability of investment teams
- ▰Broad geographic coverage of international institutional investors
- ▰Asset turnover
- ▰Eurazeo’s presence in 13 countries
- ▰Variety of investor profiles: asset managers, sovereign funds, insurance companies, family offices
4.2.1.3Vetting of investment projects

Risk that analysis and due diligence work conducted for an investment project does not identify existing risks at the transaction date, which materialize later and ultimately result in a loss of investment value.
The financing activities of a target company (whether equity or debt related), exposes the Company to a number of risk factors that may ultimately result in a loss of investment value. These risks include:
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▰the
overvaluation of the target company on acquisition, due for example to:
- •the insufficient capacity of the target company and its management to meet its business plan targets,
- •the undermining of the target company’s business model (i.e. technology break, adverse change in the regulatory environment, etc.) or any other unknown factor liable to lessen the consistency and reliability of management’s business plan (e.g. over-ambitious hypotheses),
- •the failure to identify or under-estimation of a significant liability or the incorrect valuation of certain assets;
- ▰the lack of reliability of financial and accounting information on the target company: erroneous information may be provided when prospective investments are vetted, deliberately or otherwise;
- ▰litigation and disputes liable to arise with sellers or third parties: these may relate to the insolvency of the sellers and their guarantors when applicable (making it difficult to implement guarantees), or to a change in management (which may threaten contracts with key suppliers or clients).
Eurazeo’s policies for managing these risks rely in large part on in-depth due diligence procedures and compliance with strict investment criteria. Prior to any acquisition, during the period when a prospective investment is vetted, Eurazeo performs a comprehensive analysis of the investment risks. Based on this analysis, in-depth due diligence procedures are conducted in strategic, operating, financial, legal and tax areas, generally with the assistance of third parties. This comprehensive work notably encompasses social, environmental, compliance, digital and governance issues. On a case-by-case basis, risks identified can be covered by warranties negotiated with sellers or insurers. At the same time, in reviewing prospective investments, Eurazeo pays special attention to the following investment criteria: barriers to entry, profitability, recurrence of cash flows, growth potential and a shared investment vision with management. At the various stages of the vetting process, the risks associated with the target investment are assessed, documented and reviewed regularly during Investment Committee meetings.
Eurazeo has developed an approach to identifying investment opportunities well in advance of a sales process. This enables it to form an opinion about the vendor and the fundamentals of the target.
In the software publishing sector, the rollout of increasingly powerful agentic artificial intelligence tools has heightened investor concerns about the potential disruption of industry business models, as evidenced in late 2025 and early 2026 by a sharp, broad‑based correction in listed software stocks. Eurazeo is convinced that the risk of widespread disruption across its portfolio of software publishers is moderate, notably due to the quality of the companies it backs, which are often market leaders with strong barriers to entry. Excluding tech investments (i.e., Growth and Venture), exposure to SaaS software represents around 10% of the Group’s AuM.
Potential effects
- ▰Capital loss on the investment
- ▰Reduced investment program performance
- ▰Teams and management diverted from strategic priorities to tackle the risk
Example risk mitigation measures
- ▰In-depth due diligence process
- ▰Seniority of Investment Committees
- ▰Sector knowledge
- ▰Potential targets approached well in advance of a sales process
- ▰Internal expertise: compliance, legal, sustainability, digital, etc.
4.2.1.4Dependency on key personnel

Risk that the departure or prolonged absence of one or several key personnel (de facto or de jure) affects the successful conduct of Eurazeo’s activities and/or the activities of one of its portfolio companies.
Eurazeo’s capacity to seize the right investment opportunities, to optimize the engineering of its acquisitions and to capitalize on the value-creation potential of its investments relies on its reputation, its networks, the skill and expertise of its Executive Board members and its Investment Officers. As such, the departure of one or several of these key people could have an adverse impact on Eurazeo’s business and organization; such a departure could alter not only the deal flow and investment projects under way at the time, but could also affect the management of Eurazeo’s teams and the Company’s relations with the management of its portfolio companies or with its institutional investors in the case of third party management activities. Moreover, with regard to third-party management, key people clauses are generally included in fund rules. If there are significant changes to the management team overseeing an investment program, activation of the key people clause can entitle institutional investors to review their fund commitments (e.g. suspension of investments until a suitable successor is found for the departing key personnel).
Similarly, the departure, prolonged absence or loss of confidence of key people in the management team of one of our portfolio companies, for whatever reason, could have an impact on operations and the implementation of the investment’s strategy. The existence of a shared investment vision with management is central to Eurazeo’s investment criteria. During the development phase, Eurazeo’s teams and the management teams of each investment work to set out a clear vision of the goals to be achieved and actions to be taken in the short-, medium- and long-term. Portfolio company management also plays an important role in adapting to economic conditions.
To minimize this risk, Eurazeo makes the alignment of the interests of portfolio company shareholders, teams and management a key factor in promoting the continuity of management teams and value creation, notably through co-investment mechanisms and the progressive vesting of rights over instruments, such as performance shares. The Company also places emphasis on its close, regular and strong relations with management teams in its portfolio companies and preparing the succession of key people. Finally, close attention is paid to the drafting of key people clauses in the co-investment fund rules.
Potential effects
- ▰The investments of one or several investment funds are suspended until the key personnel is/are replaced, pursuant to the key people clause
- ▰Negative effect on Eurazeo’s deal flow
- ▰Difficulty in raising a successor fund
- ▰Negative effect on Eurazeo’s image, affecting its ability to recruit talent and/or raise funds
- ▰Underperforming portfolio company
Example risk mitigation measures
- ▰Alignment of interests through co-investment contracts
- ▰Succession plans/Competitive job conditions
- ▰Drafting quality of key people clauses in fund rules
- ▰Sharing the investment vision with portfolio company management
4.2.1.5Competition from other private equity firms

Risk that Eurazeo’s ability to deploy its private equity investment programs over the desired time horizon is altered due to increased competition from other industry firms and inflated valuations.
The Company operates in a competitive market due to the existence of a large number of private equity players. Strong competition for the most sought-after assets can lead to very high acquisition prices, particularly for assets in the most sought-after sectors. The performance shown in recent years in the private equity asset class has attracted newcomers looking for returns which they could not achieve in other asset classes. This increased competition, associated with inflated valuations, is likely to reduce the field of attractive investment opportunities – it can also result in Eurazeo spending considerable time and expense on investment candidates where Eurazeo’s proposal is not selected or see the loss of some opportunities.
With close to ten private equity investment strategies, investment teams working in several geographies (North America and Europe – France, UK, Germany, Italy) and a strategy focused on the mid-market, Eurazeo has a wide range of opportunities.
Also, by structuring its activity around different investment strategies focusing investment on growth companies with positive underlying economic trends (particularly in business services, specialty financial services, healthcare, environmental transition and climate solutions), Eurazeo is able to identify and examine opportunities, and better understand sellers at a very early stage. This approach of identifying non-brokered deals offers a competitive edge in the sales process and can reduce exposure to competition inherent to brokered deals.
To effectively support its deal flow, Eurazeo also aims to reinforce its business network and continually seeks to further its understanding of strategic sectors. Teams rely on a digital deal flow monitoring process and a network of senior advisors with considerable experience in the industrial sector and an extensive business network.
Potential effects
- ▰Increase in dead deal costs
- ▰Acquisition of overvalued assets in the event of an economic downturn
- ▰Reduced performance of investment programs/loss of confidence by institutional investors
- ▰Competition in human resources/headhunting
Example risk mitigation measures
- ▰Range of opportunities in more countries: Europe and North America
- ▰Extensive knowledge of structurally buoyant sectors
- ▰Diversification of investment strategies
- ▰Deal sourcing: dedicated team, digital deal flow
- ▰Business network: strategic partnerships, senior advisors
- ▰Competitive job conditions for investment teams
4.2.1.6Technologies and data

Risk that IT system attacks and/or outages affect the confidentiality, availability and/or integrity of Eurazeo’s digital data and that of its partners, and notably prevent Eurazeo from ensuring business continuity, compliance with personal data and/or insider information regulations, or limiting the effect on its image/reputation with regard to partners and stakeholders.
In the conduct of its activities, Eurazeo uses IT infrastructures and applications to collect, process and produce data and, in particular, confidential and strategic data. Technical failures (equipment, software, network, etc.) or IT attacks (malware, intrusions, etc.) could impair the availability, integrity and confidentiality of data and have negative consequences for the Company’s business and reputation. The Company’s digital transformation, the development of cloud system data storage, or the increased use of key and/or business solutions in SaaS mode increase Eurazeo’s vulnerability to cyber-attacks. They also increase Eurazeo’s dependency on the reliability of third-party IT systems.
IT security is a priority for Eurazeo. Accordingly, in recent years, a number of initiatives have gradually been implemented to ensure suitable measures are in place to protect its digital assets, as well as those of its controlled portfolio companies. The cyber risk prevention system is notably supported by a Cybersecurity Committee, a Chief Information Security Officer (CISO), an Information Systems Security Policy (ISSP), and the deployment of various technical measures reinforcing the security of access to digital resources. To check that this system is effective, IT security audits and intrusion tests are regularly performed and corrective action is taken where vulnerabilities are identified. Eurazeo has also taken out cyber and fraud insurance policies. In the current context of international tension, the risk of cyber-attacks likely to directly or indirectly impact European and North American companies is high. The Eurazeo group has therefore increased its level of vigilance.
Finally, in terms of continuity, Eurazeo’s disaster recovery plan is tested annually; it should enable the Company to continue its activities in the event of an IT incident and avoid data loss.
Potential effects
- ▰Leaks of confidential and/or strategic data relating to the activities of Eurazeo, its portfolio companies, its clients or other stakeholders
- ▰Use of insider information by a hacker
- ▰Use of sensitive and confidential data by a hacker for fraudulent purposes (see 4.2.1.7)
- ▰Infringement of personal data protection regulations
Example risk mitigation measures
- ▰Cyber threat prevention system: Eurazeo Digital Security Committee, Cybersecurity Audits, ISSP, CISO, Cyber Roadmap, awareness campaigns for Employees and portfolio companies, etc.
- ▰Disaster Recovery Plan, tested annually
- ▰Insurance policies: Cyber, Fraud
- ▰Governance: cybersecurity issues feature on the Audit Committee agenda at least twice a year
4.2.1.7Fraud

Risk that Eurazeo falls victim to fraud (usually embezzlement), particularly for payments made as part of closing and/or distribution operations.
During transaction closing operations or fund distributions, payment orders are given for sums sometimes totaling several hundred million euros, which are transferred to third-party bank accounts. These transactions expose Eurazeo to a greater risk of embezzlement by fraudsters. Criminal organizations have developed increasingly sophisticated fraud techniques which can include identity theft, strategic intelligence and cyber-attacks.
To mitigate this risk, Eurazeo has established a strict internal control framework for payment processes, and regularly raises Employee awareness regarding fraud. Alongside this, the cyber risk prevention system developed by Eurazeo (see 4.2.1.6) aims to secure data linked to sensitive transactions and payments.
Finally, Eurazeo has also taken out cyber and fraud insurance policies.
Potential effects
- ▰Losses linked to embezzlement
- ▰Impact on reputation with regard to banks, insurers, clients and other stakeholders
Example risk mitigation measures
- ▰Cyber risk prevention system
- ▰Internal controls governing payment
- ▰Insurance policies: Cyber, Fraud
- ▰Risk awareness/training
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4.3Disputes
COMMERCIAL LITIGATION
In March 2005, Eurazeo acquired ANF (which later became ANF Immobilier), a listed real estate company, to host the Group’s new property investment activities. In July 2016, Eurazeo sold its majority stake in ANF Immobilier to ICADE, a French real estate company and a subsidiary of Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations, which ultimately absorbed ANF Immobilier on June 29, 2018. Under the management of ANF Immobilier, Mr. Manacorda became the main contractor for the rehabilitation work on ANF Immobilier’s real estate assets in Marseilles. In May 2006, ANF filed a criminal complaint with an application to join as a civil party on grounds of misuse of corporate assets and receiving the proceeds of that offense. On April 27, 2007, the investigating judge formally charged Mr. Manacorda, in particular with receiving the proceeds of the misuse of corporate assets and aiding and abetting this misuse. By order dated April 29, 2016, Mr. Manacorda’s case was transferred before the Criminal Court on charges of receiving proceeds from and aiding and abetting the misuse of corporate assets.
The Marseilles Criminal Court issued a judgment on July 4, 2017 dismissing the charges. The Court of Appeal in Aix en Provence confirmed the civil provisions of this judgment on June 27, 2018 and dismissed the claims of all parties. An appeal filed by ANF Immobilier was then rejected by the Court of Cassation.
Against this backdrop, on January 28, 2025, Mr. Manacorda brought a new action before the Marseilles District Court against Icade (as successor in interest to ANF Immobilier), as well as one of its former Chairmen of the Executive Board, seeking a joint order to pay damages and interest of more than €16 million for malicious accusation allegedly arising from the criminal complaint filed on May 11, 2006 by ANF Immobilier.
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05 -Corporate governance
This chapter reports on the preparation and organization of the work of the Company’s Supervisory Board and Executive Board. It also presents the corporate officer compensation policy.
The Company refers to the AFEP-MEDEF Code as revised in December 2022, with the exception of the recommendations set out in Section 5.3.1 “Framework of Supervisory Board activities”. Close attention is also paid to the activity report issued by the High Council for Corporate Governance (Haut Comité de Gouvernement d’Entreprise) and the AMF’s annual report on governance and executive compensation.
In accordance with the provisions of Article L. 225-68 of the French Commercial Code, this chapter includes the corporate governance report, appended to the Management Report. Pursuant to Articles L. 22-10-9 to L. 22-10-11 of the French Commercial Code and Article 8 of the AFEP-MEDEF Code of Corporate Governance, it reports in particular on:
- ▰changes in the composition of the Supervisory Board;
- ▰the activities of the Supervisory Board and the Executive Board;
- ▰the Supervisory Board’s observations on the Executive Board’s report and on the financial statements for fiscal year 2025;
- ▰the corporate officer compensation policy;
- ▰the summary table of unexpired delegations of authority approved by the Shareholders’ Meeting;
- ▰specific procedures regarding the participation of shareholders at Shareholders’ Meetings;
- ▰factors affecting a potential takeover or share exchange bid;
- ▰the Supervisory Board diversity policy and application of the principle of balanced representation of men and women on the Board;
- ▰the gender diversity policy within management bodies as well as the policy’s objectives and implementation methods and the results obtained during the past year.
The Management Report covers issues relating to the conduct of the business and the main sustainability impacts, risks and opportunities. In accordance with the CSRD, sustainability information is presented in Chapter 3, “Sustainability Statement”, of the 2025 Universal Registration Document. Information relating to internal control and risk management procedures implemented by Eurazeo is presented in Chapter 4, “Risk Factors” of the 2025 Universal Registration Document.
Since 2002, Eurazeo has opted for a dual governance structure comprising an Executive Board and a Supervisory Board. This choice was retained on the conversion of the Company to a European company (société européenne) at the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 11, 2017.
This dual governance structure with an Executive Board and a Supervisory Board reflects the best corporate governance standards. It ensures a balance of power between the Executive Board management functions and the Supervisory Board oversight functions.
The Executive Board is vested with the most extensive powers to act on behalf of the Company in all circumstances. It exercises these powers within the limits of the corporate purpose and subject to the powers expressly attributed by law and the Company’s Bylaws to Shareholders’ Meetings and the Supervisory Board. It determines the strategic direction of the Company and ensures its implementation, in the Company’s interest. Members of the Executive Board may, with the authorization of the Supervisory Board, allocate management tasks and permanent or temporary special assignments among themselves. This division of tasks may not cause the Executive Board to lose its status as the body responsible for the collective management of the Company. The Executive Board therefore has the necessary responsiveness and efficiency to perform its management duties.
The Supervisory Board permanently oversees the management activities of the Executive Board in accordance with the law and the Bylaws. At any time during the year, it conducts the verifications and reviews that it deems necessary. It may ask the Executive Board to communicate any documents that it considers necessary for the performance of its duties. The Supervisory Board’s diversity policy guarantees the quality of its management, its ability to anticipate, as well as its integrity and commitment to the performance of its oversight duties. This policy enables it to bring together leading individuals with a wide range of complementary experience.
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5.1The Supervisory Board and its activities
5.1.1Members of the Supervisory Board as of December 31, 2025
The composition of the Supervisory Board reflects a diversity of profiles, experience and complimentary skills adapted to the Company’s challenges.
Since April 28, 2022, the Supervisory Board is chaired by Jean-Charles Decaux, whose term of office on the Supervisory Board was renewed by the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 7, 2024. Olivier Merveilleux du Vignaux has been Vice-Chairman of the Supervisory Board since June 26, 2017. His term of office as a member of the Supervisory Board was renewed by the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 7, 2025.
As of December 31, 2025, the Supervisory Board has twelve members, including two members representing employees and a non-voting member. The Honorary Chairman, Bruno Roger, also attends meetings of the Supervisory Board with no voting rights.
The Supervisory Board includes four women, representing 44.4% of the Retained Number. Five members are independent, representing 55.5% of this total. The Company therefore complies with prevailing regulations (see Section 5.1.2 “Supervisory Board Diversity Policy”).
The Supervisory Board members are invited to participate in the four standing committees that assist the Supervisory Board in its decisions: an Audit Committee, a Finance Committee, a Compensation, Appointments and Governance (CAG) Committee and a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Committee. Each Committee has between three and seven members, appointed in a personal capacity by the Supervisory Board, at the recommendation of the CAG Committee, according to their experience and preferences. The CAG Committee ensures that each Committee includes independent members in accordance with the provisions of the AFEP-MEDEF Code and no executive corporate officers, that is:
- ▰two-thirds independent members for the Audit Committee (see Article 17.1 of the AFEP-MEDEF Code); and
- ▰and a majority of votes held by independent members for the CAG Committee (see Article 18.1 and 19.1 of the AFEP-MEDEF Code).
The composition of the Supervisory Board and its committees was reviewed by the CAG Committee in 2025. As part of its activities, the CAG Committee issued new recommendations in line with the Supervisory Board diversity policy on the following topics: renewal of the terms of office expiring in 2025 and 2026 and the composition and chair of certain committees (see Section 5.1.2 “Supervisory Board Diversity Policy”).
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5.2Offices and positions held by the Supervisory Board
as of December 31, 2025
Jean-Charles Decaux
Chairman of the Supervisory Board
Chairman of the Finance CommitteeAge: 56 (07/08/1969)
Nationality: FrenchFirst appointment: June 26, 2017
End of term of office:
AG 2028Business address: JCDecaux SE 17,
rue Soyer
92200 Neuilly-sur-SeineNumber of Eurazeo shares held as of December 31, 2025:
826Experience and expertise
- ▰Jean-Charles Decaux is a French executive and Co-Chief Executive Officer with his brother, Jean-François Decaux, of JCDecaux group (rotating each year the duties of Chairman of the Executive Board and Chief Executive Officer), Created in 1964, the group became the global number one in the outdoor advertising sector in 2011. JCDecaux SE is listed on the Euronext Paris stock market.
- ▰Jean-Charles joined the company in 1989. He was appointed Chief Executive Officer of JCDecaux Spain in 1991, which he developed. He then built, primarily through organic growth, all the subsidiaries in Southern Europe, South America, Asia and the Middle East.
- ▰Following the conversion in 2000 of JCDecaux to a limited liability company (société anonyme) with an Executive Board and a Supervisory Board, Jean-Charles and Jean-François Decaux performed an IPO in 2001 and actively participated in the consolidation of the sector, taking the JCDecaux group to global number one in February 2011. Jean-Charles Decaux was behind the JCDecaux group’s expansion into China and high-growth countries.
- ▰In 2022, JCDecaux converted to a société européenne (European company), a new legal status more strongly representing the group’s European outlook to all its stakeholders.
- ▰Since 2017, he has come top several times of the Institutional Investor Awards “Small & Midcap Best CEOs” ranking in the Technologies, Media & Telecommunications category and the Extel “Top 100 best CEO – Pan-Europe” ranking.
- ▰Jean-Charles Decaux is also a member of the Board of Directors of the French Association of Private Sector Companies (AFEP), a Director and donating member of AMREF (African Medical and Research Foundation) in France since 2005, a member of the Brain Fund Appraisal Committee and a member of the Board of Directors of the Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Épinière.
Main position held excluding Eurazeo
- ▰Chief Executive Officer of JCDecaux SE* since May 14, 2025.
Other offices and positions held in companies as of December 31, 2025
Offices and positions currently held outside the Eurazeo group
- ▰Chairman of the Executive Board of JCDecaux SE* until May 14, 2025.
- ▰Director of Metrobus SA, EXTIME MEDIA (previously Media Aéroports de Paris SAS), IGP Decaux Spa (Italy), JCDecaux Small Cells Limited (United Kingdom).
- ▰Chairman of JCDecaux France SAS.
- ▰Member of the Executive Committee of JCDecaux Bolloré Holding SAS.
- ▰Chairman of the Board of Directors and Director of JCDecaux Espana S.L.U (Spain).
- ▰Director of JCDecaux Holding SAS, Decaux Frères Investissements SAS, MediaVision et Jean Mineur SA and BDC SAS.
- ▰Chief Executive Officer of JCDecaux Holding SAS, Decaux Frères Investissements SAS and Apolline Immobilier SAS.
- ▰Manager of SCI Troisjean, SCI Clos de la Chaîne and SCI du Mare.
- ▰Permanent representative of Decaux Frères Investissements on the Supervisory Board of HLD SCA.
Other offices and positions held over the past five years
- ▰Chairman of the Executive Board and Chief Executive Officer of JCDecaux SE* (N.B. Rotating chair).
- ▰Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of JCDecaux Holding SAS (N.B. Rotating chair).
- *Listed company.

Olivier Merveilleux du Vignaux
Vice-Chairman of the Supervisory Board
Member of the Finance Committee
Member the CAG CommitteeAge: 69 (12/23/1956)
Nationality: FrenchFirst appointment: May 5, 2004
End of term of office: 2029 Shareholders’ Meeting
Business address:
MVM
27, rue Ducale
B 1000 Brussels
BelgiumNumber of Eurazeo shares held as of December 31, 2025:
864Experience and expertise
- ▰In 1993, Olivier Merveilleux du Vignaux created MVM, a direct recruitment firm, of which he is the Manager.
- ▰He was a Director of SAFAA until 1993, established and developed a recruitment firm with a partner from 1984 to 1992 and worked for Korn Ferry from 1980 to 1984, where he recruited senior executives through the direct recruitment method.
- ▰He is a business school graduate.
Main position held excluding Eurazeo
- ▰Manager of MVM Search Belgium.
Other offices and positions held in companies as of December 31, 2025
Offices and positions currently held outside the Eurazeo group
- ▰Manager of MVM Search Belgium.
Other offices and positions held over the past five years
- ▰Member of the Advisory Committee of Expliseat SAS.

JCDecaux Holding SAS
represented by Emmanuel Russel
Member of the Audit Committee
Member of the Finance CommitteeChairman of the CSR Committee
Member of the CAG CommitteeAge: 62 (09/05/1963)
Nationality: FrenchFirst appointment: June 26, 2017
End of term of office: 2029 Shareholders’ Meeting
Business address: JCDecaux Holding SAS 17, rue Soyer
92200 Neuilly-sur-SeineNumber of Eurazeo shares held as of December 31, 2025: 14,943,187 shares held by JCDecaux Holdings SAS.
Experience and expertise
- ▰Throughout his career, Emmanuel Russel has held a range of executive management and financial management positions in several companies, and particularly the JCDecaux group, across many geographic areas.
- ▰He is currently Deputy CEO of JCDecaux Holding, the investment holding company and controlling shareholder of the outdoor advertising group, JCDecaux.
- ▰Between 2013 and 2017, he was Chief Executive Officer of Compagnie Lebon, an investment holding company listed on the Euronext Growth market.
- ▰Between 2000 and 2013, he held several positions in the JCDecaux group as Mergers & Acquisitions, Treasury and Finance Director and then, from 2006, Chief Executive Officer of the emerging Africa, Middle East, Central Asia and Eastern Europe area, leading its construction.
- ▰From 1990 to 2000, he held financial management positions in the Pernod Ricard group and particular Chief Financial Officer for Europe. He began his career with Arthur Andersen in 1987.
- ▰He is a graduate of the Hautes Études Commerciales (HEC) business school and holds a post-graduate accounting and finance degree (DESCF).
Main position held excluding Eurazeo
- ▰Deputy Chief Executive Officer of JCDecaux Holding SAS.
Other offices and positions held in companies as of December 31, 2025
Offices and positions currently held outside the Eurazeo group
- ▰Chairman of JCDecaux Holding Immobilier SAS.
- ▰Vice-Chairman and member of the Board of Directors of So.Co.Mix SA (Société Communale d’Économie Mixte pour l’Exploitation de l’Hôtel du Palais de Biarritz).
- ▰Member of the Supervisory Board of October SA.
- ▰Director of B.D.C SAS.
- ▰Member of the Supervisory Committee of Compose Holdco SAS.
Other offices and positions held over the past five years
- ▰-

Isabelle Ealet
Independent member
Member of the CAG Committee
Member the Audit CommitteeAge: 63 (01/26/1963)
Nationality: FrenchFirst appointment: May 7, 2024
End of term of office: 2028 Shareholders’ Meeting
Business address: Eurazeo
66, rue Pierre Charron
75008 ParisNumber of Eurazeo shares held as of December 31, 2025:
250Experience and expertise
- ▰Isabelle Ealet, spent her entire career spanning roughly 30 years in finance at Goldman Sachs where she served as Global Co-Head of Securities Division from 2011 to 2019. She was also a Partner from 2000 to 2019, a member of the Executive Committee from 2008 to 2019 and a non-independent member of the Goldman Sachs International Board of Directors from 2016 to 2018.
- ▰Isabelle Ealet began her career in the late eighties at Total where she was in charge of purchasing oil for refineries.
- ▰She now sits on the Board of Directors of small private companies.
- ▰Isabelle Ealet is a graduate of ESC Marseille and Sciences Po Paris. She is a Knight of the Legion of Honor (2014).
Main position held excluding Eurazeo
- ▰Company Director.
Other offices and positions held in companies as of December 31, 2025
Offices and positions currently held outside the Eurazeo group
- ▰Member of the Board of Directors of The Francis Crick Institute (UK).
- ▰Member of the Board of CATALIO – US Private Equity.
Other offices and positions held over the past five years
- ▰Member of the Supervisory Board of Mondrian UK Ltd (UK).
- ▰Chairwoman of the Board of Directors of Pegasus Europe Spac.

Cathia Lawson-Hall
Independent member
Member of the Audit CommitteeAge: 54 (07/11/1971)
Nationality: French, TogoleseFirst appointment: May 7, 2024
End of term of office: 2028 Shareholders’ Meeting
Business address: Eurazeo
66, rue Pierre Charron
75008 ParisNumber of Eurazeo shares held as of December 31, 2025:
250Experience and expertise
- ▰Cathia Lawson-Hall has over 25 years of experience in finance. She was Head of Coverage and Investment Banking for Africa at Société Générale, where she oversaw relations with African governments, large corporations and financial institutions from 2015 to 2023. Previously, she was Managing Director, Co-Head of Debt Capital Markets for corporates in France, Belgium and Luxembourg.
- ▰She started her career as a financial analyst covering the telecommunications and media sectors before moving into financial consulting. She has built up solid experience in corporate and investment banking, primarily in debt capital markets, financial analysis and consulting.
- ▰Cathia Lawson-Hall is also an independent Director of Universal Music Group, Endeavour Mining and Havas N.V. and sits on the Board of Directors of Amis du Centre Pompidou.
- ▰In March 2017, she was one of the six winners alongside the mayor of London, Sadiq Khan, of the Diversity Trophy awarded by the Club XXIe Siècle think-tank in the “career” category. In December 2015, she was named Manager of the Year for 2015 in the sixth edition of the La Tribune Women’s Awards.
- ▰Cathia Lawson-Hall has a master’s degree and a post-graduate diploma in finance from Paris Dauphine University in France.
Main position held excluding Eurazeo
- ▰Company Director and Advisor.
Other offices and positions held in companies as of December 31, 2025
Offices and positions currently held outside the Eurazeo group
- ▰Independent member of the Supervisory Board of Vivendi (until April 2026)*.
- ▰CAT, Chairwoman
- ▰Director of Universal Music Group N.V. (UMG)* (Netherlands).
- ▰Independent Director of Endeavour Mining plc* (United Kingdom).
- ▰Independent member of the Supervisory Board of Havas N.V.*
- ▰Independent Director of Amis du Centre Pompidou.
- ▰Chairwoman of CAT SAS.
Other offices and positions held over the past five years
- ▰Director of Coverage and Investment Banking for Africa at Société Générale*.
- ▰Director of Fondation Société Générale, Société Générale Bénin and Société Générale Côte d’Ivoire*.
- ▰Independent Director of Agence Française de Développement (AFD).
- *Listed company.

Mathilde Lemoine
Independent member
Member of the CSR CommitteeAge: 56 (09/27/1969)
Nationality: FrenchFirst appointment: April 28, 2022
End of term of office: 2026 Shareholders’ Meeting (1)
Business address: Edmond de Rothschild
47, rue du Faubourg
Saint-Honoré
75401 Paris Cedex 08Number of Eurazeo shares held as of December 31, 2025:
250Experience and expertise
- ▰Mathilde Lemoine has a PhD in economics and is an Economist and executive. An expert in international issues and public policy assessment, she also has considerable operational and strategic experience. She has developed governance expertise in leading listed French and international companies through directorships held over more than 15 years and committees (Audit and Compensation) she has chaired.
- ▰Mathilde Lemoine started her career as a lecturer and then as an economist and Secretary General of the French Economic Observatory (Observatoire Français des Conjonctures Économiques, OFCE). She was then a member of several ministerial offices, including the French Prime Minister’s office, where she brought her expertise in macro-economic and tax issues and her ability to build consensus, participated in the preparation of WTO ministerial conferences and was a special advisor for tax affairs to the French Prime Minister.
- ▰She was also rapporteur for the Expert Conference on Climate and Energy Contribution in 2009 and a member of the Attali Commission for the Liberation of Growth in 2010. She participated in a government mission reporting on the determining factors of French industry competitiveness. She has been a member of the Council of Economic Advisors (Conseil d’Analyse Économique) and the French National Economic Commission (Commission Économique de la Nation).
- ▰In 2013, she was appointed to the French High Council of Public Finances (Haut Conseil des Finances Publiques, HCFP) for a non-renewable five-year term and was involved in assessing French public finance and its consistency with European commitments. From 2006 to 2015, she was Head of Economic Research and Market Strategy at HSBC France, a member of the Executive Committee and a Senior-Economist at HSBC Global Research.
- ▰She is currently Group Chief Economist at Edmond de Rothschild. She joined the group to create an Economic Research Department and lead a team of economists to perform structural analyses, risk mappings and international macro-economic analyses. She also continues her human capital and valuation work and is one of three members of the Global Investment Committee.
- ▰A lecturer at Sciences Po Paris for more than 20 years, Mathilde Lemoine has published several articles and analyses on international macroeconomic issues and monetary and financial policy. More recently, she published work on investment in human capital, employee mobility and the link between the accumulation of human capital and competitiveness. She is a columnist for Les Echos (France), L’Expansion (Spain), L’Agefi Suisse and L’Agefi Hebdo (France). Her latest work is entitled Les Grandes Questions d’économie et de finance internationales (Major economic issues and international finance, Boeck, 3rd edition, 2016).
Main position held excluding Eurazeo
- ▰Group Chief Economist at Edmond de Rothschild and Member of the Global Investment Committee.
Other offices and positions held in companies as of December 31, 2025
Offices and positions currently held outside the Eurazeo group
- ▰Member of the Supervisory Board of CMA-CGM and GMR Airports Limited*.
Other offices and positions held over the past five years
- ▰Member of the Board of Directors of Dassault Aviation SA*.
- ▰Member of the Board of Directors of École Normale Superieure.
- ▰Member of the Board of Directors of Carrefour SA*.
- *Listed company.

Françoise Mercadal-Delasalles
Independent member
Chairwoman of the Audit CommitteeMember of the CAG Committee
Member of the Finance CommitteeAge: 63 (11/23/1962)
Nationality: FrenchFirst appointment: May 6, 2015
End of term of office: 2027 Shareholders’ Meeting
Business address: Eurazeo
66, rue Pierre Charron
75008 ParisNumber of Eurazeo shares held as of December 31, 2025:
787Experience and expertise
- ▰Françoise Mercadal-Delasalles gained experience in the senior civil service in the Finance Ministry (1988-1992) and Caisse des Depots (2002-2008) and in the private sector with BNP-Paribas. In 2008, she joined Société Générale as Group Head of Corporate Resources and Innovation and sat on the Group Executive Committee in this capacity. As Chief Operating Officer, she was responsible for IT, Real Estate and Procurement. Facilitator of the group’s innovation strategy, Françoise Mercadal-Delasalles also steers Société Générale’s digital transition project. In particular, she is responsible for the roll-out of the Digital for All program which is founded on an ambitious project to equip employees and a vast program to accompany digital changes and assimilation. She was Chief Executive Officer of Credit du Nord from March 2018 to June 2021.
- ▰She was joint Chairwoman of the French National Digital Council until January 2024.
- ▰Françoise Mercadal-Delasalles is a graduate of Institut d’Études Politiques (IEP) of Paris and École Nationale d’Administration (ENA).
- ▰She is a Knight of the Legion of Honor, Commander of the Order of Merit and a Knight of the Order of Agricultural Merit.
Main position held excluding Eurazeo
- ▰Non-executive Director.
Other offices and positions held in companies as of December 31, 2025
Offices and positions currently held outside the Eurazeo group
- ▰Member of the Board of Directors of ATOS, CCF Group and Attijariwafa Bank (Morocco).
- ▰Founder of the start-up Auxo-Dynamics.
Other offices and positions held over the past five years
- ▰Joint-Chairwoman of the French National Digital Council.
- ▰Chief Executive Officer of Credit du Nord.
- ▰Chairwoman of the Board of Directors of Banque Courtois, Banque Rhône-Alpes and Société Marseillaise de Credit.
- ▰Director of My Money Group, Société Générale Cameroon, Sopra Steria Group, Compagnie Générale de Location d’Équipement (CGL), SG Global Solutions Center (India), SG European Business Services (Romania), Transacts (joint subsidiary of Société Générale and La Banque Postale), Sogecap and Star Lease.
- ▰Member of the Executive Committee and Group Head of Corporate Resources and Innovation at Société Générale* group.
- ▰Member of the Supervisory Board of Rosbank (Russia) and of DIOT-SIACI.
- *Listed company.

Serge Schoen
Independent member
Chairman the CAG CommitteeMember of the Finance Committee
Age: 58 (05/19/1967)
Nationality: FrenchFirst appointment: April 28, 2022
End of term of office: 2026 Shareholders’ Meeting (2)
Business address: Eurazeo
66, rue Pierre Charron
75008 ParisNumber of Eurazeo shares held as of December 31, 2025:
750Experience and expertise
- ▰Serge Schoen is a founding partner of Eightstone Pte Ltd, a multi-family office based in Singapore and Founder of Ambrosia Investments, an investment platform focused on innovation in the food, beverage and ingredients sectors.
- ▰Serge Schoen was a successful entrepreneur in the telecommunications sector and held several management positions in agricultural commodity trading. He was Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Louis Dreyfus Company B.V. Previously, Serge Schoen co-founded Louis Dreyfus Communication (LDCom renamed NeufCegetel) and was appointed COO of the entity.
- ▰Following his engineering studies, Serge Schoen obtained a master’s degree from Telecom Paris (formerly École Nationale Supérieure des Telecommunications), and then an MBA from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
Main position held excluding Eurazeo
- ▰Executive Chairman of Ambrosia Investments.
Other offices and positions held in companies as of December 31, 2025
Offices and positions currently held outside the Eurazeo group
- ▰Chairman of Thia Ventures (Singapore).
- ▰Chairman of Eightstone (Singapore).
- ▰Chairman and independent non-executive Director of Olam Agri Holdings Limited (Singapore).
- ▰Chairman of the Board of Directors of Califia Farms (USA).
Other offices and positions held over the past five years.
- ▰Independent member of the Board of Directors of COFCO International Ltd (Hong Kong).
- ▰Member of the Strategy Committee of Un Air d’lci (France).
- ▰Member of the Board of Directors of Itsu Limited (UK) and Banque Pâris Bertrand SA (Switzerland).
- ▰Chairman of the European, Middle East and African Executive Board of MIT Sloan School of Management (USA).
- ▰Member of the Board of École Telecom Paris (France).

Louis Stern
Member of the Finance Committee
Member of the CSR CommitteeAge: 39 (11/17/1986)
Nationality: French, AmericanFirst appointment: May 7, 2024
End of term of office: 2028 Shareholders’ Meeting
Business address: Eurazeo
66, rue Pierre Charron
75008 ParisNumber of Eurazeo shares held as of December 31, 2025:
750Experience and expertise
- ▰Louis Stern is Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of IRR, a New York-based private investment group. The company manages a global diversified portfolio invested in numerous asset classes with a long-term investment outlook. His teams maintain long-term relations with talented fund managers and invest directly alongside management teams, entrepreneurs and other first-rate institutional investors.
- ▰He began his career in corporate banking before moving to the private equity and venture capital sectors, as investor and trader, in the United States and Europe.
- ▰Louis Stern has a Bachelor of Arts in Economics and Philosophy from the University of Columbia and a Master of Business Administration from the University of Stanford.
Main position held excluding Eurazeo
- ▰Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of IRR.
Other offices and positions held in companies as of December 31, 2025
Offices and positions currently held outside the Eurazeo group
- ▰Chief Executive Officer of IRR LLC (USA).
- ▰Chairman of IRR Inc (USA).
- ▰Manager of MOIC I LLC (USA).
- ▰Manager of Bleu LLC (USA).
Other offices and positions held over the past five years
- ▰-

Stéphane Bostyn
Member representing employees
Age: 55 (06/15/1970)
Nationality: FrenchFirst appointment: December 15, 2023
End of term of office: December 14, 2027
Business address: Eurazeo
66, rue Pierre Charron
75008 ParisNumber of Eurazeo shares held as of December 31, 2025: 11,286
Experience and expertise
- ▰Stéphane Bostyn is Managing Director, Head of Capital Markets, Financing and Treasury at Eurazeo and has nearly 30 years of experience in finance and structured financing. He is responsible for structuring, monitoring and optimizing all types of acquisition financing for the Eurazeo group’s various strategies and funds as well as cash, currency and interest rate risk management. He also acts in the “equity” market for the Eurazeo share or listed investments.
- ▰He joined Eurazeo in 2008 as Head of Financing and Treasury. As such, he was in charge of the cash position, FX and interest rates and assisted the investments in all these areas. He also implemented “corporate” financing, monetized the Danone investment by launching an exchangeable bond, renegotiated several financing sources (syndicated loan, margin loan) and handled Eurazeo listed share transactions (Rexel, Edenred, Accor, Moncler, Elis and Europcar).
- ▰He started his career in 1996 as a market operator in the France Telecom front office where he focused on short-term interest rate and currency products.
- ▰He then worked in the Accor Group Finance Department from 2000 to 2008, firstly as head of the front office where he was responsible for currency and interest rate risk management and optimizing Group resources and then as a manager within the Asset Refinancing Department, where he was involved in the sale of a range of hotel buildings to institutional investors.
- ▰Stéphane Bostyn is a graduate of IPAG Paris.
Main position held excluding Eurazeo
- ▰None.
Other offices and positions held in companies as of December 31, 2025
Offices and positions currently held in the Eurazeo group
- ▰-
Other offices and positions held over the past five years
- ▰-

Julie Croquin
Member representing employees
Member of the CAG CommitteeAge: 47 (09/23/1978)
Nationality: FrenchFirst appointment: October 16, 2024
End of term of office: February 13, 2027
Business address: Eurazeo
66, rue Pierre Charron
75008 ParisNumber of Eurazeo shares held as of December 31, 2025: 2,433
Experience and expertise
- ▰Julie Croquin joined Eurazeo in 2005 and is currently Director, Corporate Legal Advisor. She is in charge of Corporate aspects and stock exchange law for Eurazeo SE and its subsidiaries, monitoring portfolio companies in France and abroad and reviewing contracts and insurance policies for Eurazeo and its subsidiaries.
- ▰She previously worked as a legal advisor with the French Ministry of Culture.
- ▰Julie Croquin has a postgraduate degree in Criminal Law and Science and is a graduate of the Institute of Criminology.
Main position held excluding Eurazeo
- ▰None.
Other offices and positions held in companies as of December 31, 2025
Offices and positions currently held in the Eurazeo group
- ▰-
Other offices and positions held over the past five years
- ▰-
Non-voting member

Jean-Pierre Richardson
Member of the Audit Committee
Age: 87 (07/12/1938)
Nationality: FrenchFirst appointment: May 14, 2008
End of term of office: 2026 Shareholders’ Meeting (3)
Business address: Richardson
2, place Gantès –
BP 41917 13225 Marseille
Cedex 02Number of Eurazeo shares held as of December 31, 2025: 1,686
Experience and expertise
- ▰Jean-Pierre Richardson is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of S.A. Joliette Matériel, a family holding company and chair of SAS Richardson.
- ▰He joined SAS Richardson in 1962, a 51% subsidiary of Escaut et Meuse at that time, which later merged with Eurazeo. He managed its operations from 1969 to 2003.
- ▰From 1971 to 1979, he served as a judge at the Marseille Commercial Court.
- ▰Jean-Pierre Richardson is a 1958 graduate of École Polytechnique.
Main position held excluding Eurazeo
- ▰Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Joliette Materiel SA.
Other offices and positions held in companies as of December 31, 2025
Offices and positions currently held outside the Eurazeo group
- ▰Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Joliette Materiel SA.
- ▰Permanent representative of Joliette Matériel SA, as Chairman of SAS Richardson.
- ▰Chairman of Ceres SAS.
- ▰General Manager of SCI Iberia.
Other offices and positions held over the past five years
- ▰-
-
5.3Organization and activities of the Supervisory Board
5.3.1Framework of Supervisory Board activities
Eurazeo has adopted a corporate governance approach for many years, ensuring its compliance with market recommendations that promote transparency with stakeholders and contribute to improving the operation of the Company’s control and management bodies.
The Company is convinced that governance is a key factor in the performance and long-term success of companies.
Internal rules of the Supervisory Board
The Supervisory Board’s Internal Rules set forth its operating rules, specifically addressing matters such as the means of participation, independence criteria, the holding of meetings, communications with Board members, prior authorizations of certain transactions, the setting up of committees, the compensation of its members and ethics issues.
The Internal Rules, in their current version of March 5, 2025, are set out in full in Section 5.5.1 “Internal Rules of the Supervisory Board” of the 2025 Universal Registration Document.
Training of Supervisory Board members
Supervisory Board members benefit from a structured initial and ongoing training program, in line with AFEP‑MEDEF Code recommendations and market best practices. When they take up their duties, new members follow an induction program over a period of 12 to 18 months, comprising presentations of the Company and all its activities by the members of the Executive Board and internal teams, covering in particular the Group’s strategy and business model, finance and risk management, governance, compliance and directors’ responsibilities, as well as the ESG policy and new non‑financial reporting requirements (CSRD). Ongoing training is offered in the form of internal presentations (Executive Management, Managing Partners and experts from the main strategies), supplemented, where appropriate, by external modules delivered by specialist organizations, notably on asset management and private equity, ESG/CSRD, cyber‑risk and AI matters.
New Committee members also benefit from specific sessions with the heads of the relevant teams (in particular Finance and the General Counsel) to delve more deeply into the topics falling within their committee’s remit, notably in the areas of sustainable finance, compensation, governance, ESG risks, AI and cybersecurity.
This training framework helps ensure the expertise of Board and Committees members is kept up to date and strengthens their understanding of the Group’s strategic, financial, regulatory and non‑financial challenges.
Ethics
When a member of the Supervisory Board is appointed, the Secretary of the Board issues him or her with a file comprising the Bylaws of the Company, the Internal Rules of the Supervisory Board and the securities trading code of conduct. Members of the Supervisory Board must ensure that they understand and comply with the obligations imposed on them by law, regulations, the Bylaws, the Internal Rules and the securities trading code of conduct.
This obligation is respected by all members of the Supervisory Board (see table in Section 5.13.1 “Interests held by members of the Supervisory and Executive Boards in the Company’s share capital”). Furthermore, the Supervisory Board Internal Rules require Supervisory Board members to hold a number of Eurazeo shares representing at least one year’s compensation, that is 750 shares, before the end of their current term of office. In addition to these obligations, members of the Supervisory Board are required to register all securities they own or later come to acquire.
As of December 31, 2025, Supervisory Board members and the non-voting member together held a total of 14,963,319 shares, representing 21.63% of the share capital and 28.79% of voting rights.
Members of the Supervisory Board are bound by a general duty of confidentiality regarding the deliberations of the Supervisory Board and the Committees, as well as with regard to information of a confidential nature to which they become privy in the course of their duties. The securities trading code of conduct sets out obligations in respect of inside information and the applicable sanctions, as well as the requirement that members of the Supervisory Board report transactions in the Company’s securities. It also prohibits the performance of certain transactions, including the short selling of shares and short-term purchase/resale transactions.
In addition, members of the Supervisory Board are informed of the legal and regulatory obligations by which they are bound and particularly the closed periods during which they must abstain from carrying out transactions in the securities of the Company.
Communication of information to Supervisory Board members
The Internal Rules of the Supervisory Board, as amended on March 5, 2025, lay down the procedures by which members of the Supervisory Board are kept informed. Throughout the year, the Supervisory Board may request any document it considers necessary to carry out its duties. The Chairman receives a monthly report from the Executive Board on the Company’s investments, cash position, transactions and debt, if any. At least once every quarter, the Executive Board submits a report on the above matters to the Supervisory Board, which includes a presentation of the Company’s business activities and strategy and the highlights for each investment strategy.
- ▰the annual budget of the Company;
- ▰investment and divestment plans for assets financed directly or indirectly by the Company once every six months;
- ▰a Company business plan including a forward-looking plan for the allocation of equity on a three-year basis (with an annual update if necessary);
- ▰changes in transactional practices observed in the different strategies (e.g. financing, management packages, type of sales procedures, price/multiple, exit) once a year.
The Company has set up a digital platform, updated in real time, for Supervisory Board members that securely groups together all the information they require. A preparatory file covering all matters on the agenda is uploaded to the platform before all Supervisory Board and Committee meetings.
Implementation of the “Comply or Explain” rule
Pursuant to the “Comply or Explain” rule laid down in Article L. 22-10-10, 4° of the French Commercial Code and in Article 28.1 of the AFEP-MEDEF Code, the Company believes that its practices comply with the recommendations of the AFEP-MEDEF Code. However, certain provisions have not been applied for the reasons set out in the table below.
Provisions of the AFEP-MEDEF Code not complied with
Explanation
23
Termination of employment contract in case of appointment to corporate office
When an employee becomes an executive corporate officer, the AFEP-MEDEF Code recommends “terminating his or her employment contract with the Company or with a company affiliated to the Group, whether through contractual termination or resignation.”
At its meeting of February 5, 2023, the Supervisory Board, at the recommendation of the CAG Committee, unanimously decided to suspend the employment contracts of Christophe Bavière, Chairman of the Executive Board, and William Kadouch-Chassaing, Chief Executive Officer. Their employment contracts were with Eurazeo Investment Manager and Eurazeo, respectively. The AMF considers that a company complies with the AFEP-MEDEF Code when an executive’s employment contract is retained due to their seniority with the Company and their personal situation and the Company provides detailed justification.
Furthermore, the AFEP-MEDEF Code recommendation only applies to the Chairman of the Executive Board in companies with both Executive and Supervisory Boards. The Supervisory Board considered it appropriate to maintain Christophe Bavière’s employment contract and manage the employment contracts of both executives identically due to the organization of an alternating chair, which rotated for the first time in 2024 (see Section 5.6.1 “Members of the Executive Board as of December 31, 2025”). The option of terminating the employment contract by contractual termination or resignation would have been unfair and would have threatened the social welfare benefits (pension) enjoyed by Christophe Bavière since he joined the Eurazeo group. The employment contract of William Kadouch-Chassaing was maintained and suspended by decision of the Supervisory Board.
It is specified that the benefits associated with the employment contract in the event of its termination will not be cumulated with the benefits of commitments given by the Company in respect of duties as Chairman of the Executive Board and Chief Executive Officer. The Company complies with the conditions stipulated in the AFEP-MEDEF Code on executive compensation.
26.5.1
Departure of executive corporate officers – General provisions
“The performance conditions set by Boards for these benefits must be assessed over at least two years.”
The Eurazeo compensation policy provides for the assessment of the performance condition governing the payment of termination benefits between the last date of appointment and the expected end date of the term of office. Indeed, it does not seem appropriate to take account in all cases of a minimum period of two years, as the members of the Executive Board are not always concerned by performances prior to their appointment.
Recommendations of the High Council for Corporate governance (Haut Comité de Gouvernement d’Entreprise, HCGE)
In accordance with commitments given by the Company during its latest discussions with the HCGE on the compliance of the CAG Committee with the AFEP-MEDEF Code, the CAG Committee was renewed in 2024 and now comprises a majority of independent members. Three members are independent, representing 60% of the Retained Number. Since May 7, 2025, the Committee is chaired by Serge Schoen, an independent member.
Statements relating to corporate governance
Personal information regarding Executive Board and Supervisory Board members
There are no family ties between members of the Supervisory Board and members of the Executive Board.
To the best of Eurazeo’s knowledge, no member of its Supervisory Board or Executive Board has been convicted of fraud in the past five years. None of the members of the Supervisory or Executive Boards have been involved in a bankruptcy, receivership or liquidation over the past five years, and none have been incriminated and/or sanctioned by a statutory or regulatory authority. None have been disqualified by a court from acting as a member of the administrative, management or supervisory bodies of an issuer, or from acting in the management or conduct of the affairs of an issuer in the past five years.
Conflicts of interest
To the best of Eurazeo’s knowledge, and as of the date of the 2025 Universal Registration Document, there are:
- ▰no potential conflicts of interest between the duties of the members of the Supervisory Board and/or Executive Board towards Eurazeo and their private interests or other duties;
- ▰no arrangements or agreements with shareholders, customers, suppliers or others by virtue of which a Supervisory or Executive Board member was appointed in this capacity, other than those detailed in Chapter 7, Section 7.1.2.1 “Agreements reported to the AMF concerning Eurazeo shares”; and
-
▰no
restrictions accepted by a member of the Supervisory Board or Executive Board regarding the disposal
of all or some of their holding in the Company’s share capital other than the restrictions detailed
in the following sections:
- •Section 8.3 “Special Report on share subscription and purchase options” and Section 8.4 “Special Report on the grant of free shares” relating to the duty to hold shares from the exercise of share purchase or subscription options and/or performance shares for members of the Executive Board, and
- •Section 7.1.2.1 “Agreements reported to the AMF concerning Eurazeo shares”.
-
5.4Activities of the Standing Committees
5.4.1Roles of the standing committees
The Standing Committees are established in accordance with the Internal Rules. Their duties are set out in their respective charters, the principles of which are summarized below, and appended to the Internal Rules of the Supervisory Board (see Section 5.5.2 “Standing Committee Charters”). The term of committee membership coincides with the member’s term of office on the Supervisory Board. The Supervisory Board may at any time modify the composition of the committees and remove a member from a committee. The four Standing Committees assist the Supervisory Board in the decision-making process. Each Committee plays a specific role enabling the Supervisory Board to exercise its oversight fully and effectively.
The Audit Committee provides essential support by conducting a detailed review of the financial statements, analyzing financial and non‑financial risks and reviewing the work of the Statutory Auditors. Its structured reports give the Supervisory Board a secure, consolidated view of the financial statements and the internal control system, thereby facilitating decision‑making on the approval of the financial statements and prior authorizations.
The Finance Committee assists the Supervisory Board in strategic decisions by carrying out an upstream analysis of the Company’s equity commitments in funds above a certain threshold, the execution of the strategic plan and significant transactions. Its work provides a precise insight into financial models, risks, assumptions and strategic coherence.
The CAG Committee provides cross‑functional and decisive support in matters of governance, the selection of Supervisory Board members, executive compensation and the assessment of the activities of the Supervisory Board and its Committees. In particular, it prepares decisions relating to the composition of the Supervisory Board, independence, terms of office, compliance with the AFEP‑MEDEF Code and compensation policies, including long-term incentive plans (LTIP). It also centralizes the results of the annual self‑assessment and proposes areas for improvement, which are then incorporated into the work of the Supervisory Board.
The CSR Committee supports the Supervisory Board on sustainability matters by analyzing non‑financial reporting, regulatory requirements (in particular the CSRD) and sustainability‑related procedures performed by the Statutory Auditors. It takes part in joint sessions with the Audit Committee when topics require combined expertise, thereby providing the Supervisory Board with an integrated view of ESG risks and the Group’s sustainable performance.
Lastly, in addition to the Standing Committees, the Supervisory Board can establish, whenever it considers necessary, an ad hoc committee to conduct a prior review of any transaction of a strategic or exceptional nature, or requiring close attention due to its sensitivity. The creation of such a committee meets the requirements of diligence, rigor and specialization associated with the oversight of non‑recurring transactions, in line with best governance practices. The ad hoc committee issues a recommendation to the Supervisory Board and conducts its duties under a mandate strictly defined by the Supervisory Board, encompassing in particular the analysis of the strategic, legal, financial, operational and governance issues relating to the transaction submitted for its review. When it meets, this committee comprises the Chair and the Vice‑Chair of the Supervisory Board, as well as the Chairs of the Standing Committees. It is chaired by an independent member of the Supervisory Board. The intervention of the ad hoc committee is a key mechanism in the governance framework, ensuring an in‑depth, specialized and proportionate review of transformational transactions while safeguarding the confidentiality of strategic information and protecting the Group’s corporate interests.
-
5.5Charters and Internal Rules
5.5.1Internal rules of the Supervisory Board
These Internal Rules, provided for in Article 13 of the Company’s Bylaws, are in line with the recommendations of the AFEP-MEDEF Code. It is an internal document which completes the Bylaws by clarifying the organization and activities of the Supervisory Board. They may not be invoked by shareholders or third parties against members of the Supervisory Board. The Internal Rules may be modified at any time by decision of the Supervisory Board.
The CAG Committee is currently considering revisions to the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Committee Charter, in particular regarding the scope of its duties. The aim is to extend the Committee’s mandate to encompass, in terms of responsibility and sustainable value creation, the strategic direction with regard to digital transformation, technologies and information systems, as well as data and artificial intelligence, and to monitor their environmental, social, ethical and governance impacts for Eurazeo and, where applicable, its portfolio companies.
Article 1: Composition and renewal of the Supervisory Board
- 1.Pursuant to Article 11 of the Company’s Bylaws, the Supervisory Board has between three and eighteen members, appointed by Shareholders’ Meetings for terms of four years.
- 2.The Supervisory Board ensures the implementation and continuation of the staggered renewal of its members in as equal fractions as possible. When necessary,the Board may ask one or several of its members to resign in order to implement staggered renewal.
Article 2: Attendance – Independence – Multiple directorships – Shareholdings
- 1.Each Supervisory Board member must devote the time and attention required for the exercise of his/her duties and participate regularly in the meetings of the Board and any Committees of which he/she may be a member, as well as Shareholders’ Meetings.
- In the absence of exceptional reasons, any Supervisory Board member failing to attend half of the Board meetings and/or relevant Committee meetings held during one year will be deemed to wish to terminate his/her term of office, and will be asked to resign from the Supervisory Board.
- 2.The Supervisory Board determines the independence of its members and reviews their independence annually.It acts on the advice of the CAG Committee.
- Members of the Supervisory Board are considered independent if they have no direct or indirect relationship of any kind with the Company, its consolidated Group or its Management that may affect or detract from their ability to make independent judgments.
-
a.is
not and has not been during the previous five years:
- •an executive corporate officer (1) or employee of the Company,
- •an executive corporate officer, employee or a director of a company consolidated within the Company,
- •an executive corporate officer, employee or a director of the Company’s parent company or a company consolidated within this parent;
- b.is not an executive corporate officer of a company in which the Company holds a directorship, either directly or indirectly, or in which an employee or executive corporate officer of the Company (currently in office or having held such office during the last five years) is a director;
-
c.is
not a client, supplier, investment banker or corporate banker (2):
- •material to the Company or its Group of companies,
- •or which derives a material portion of its business from the Company or its Group of companies.
- The assessment of the material nature of the business relationship with the Company or its Group is deliberated by the Board and the quantitative and qualitative criteria underpinning the assessment (continuity, economic dependence, exclusivity, etc.) are explained in the corporate governance report;
- d.does not currently serve, and has not served during the previous five years, as the Statutory Auditor of the Company or any of its subsidiaries;
- e.is not a close relative of a corporate officer of the Company;
- f.has not been a director of the Company for more than twelve years. Loss of the status of independent director occurs on the date at which this period of twelve years is reached.
The Chairman of the Supervisory Board may not be considered independent if he receives variable compensation in cash or securities or any performance-related compensation from the Company or the Group.
The Board may rule that a member who meets the above criteria cannot be considered an independent member due to specific circumstances and, conversely, that a member who does not meet all of these criteria may be considered an independent member. The Company abides by the principle that at least 50% of Board members should have independent status. If either of the above criteria is no longer met, a Board member will not be able to seek a new term of office due to the loss of independent status unless decided otherwise by the Supervisory Board with due reason.
- 1.Each member must inform the Supervisory Board of the directorships he/she holds in other French and non-French companies, including any Board committees on which he/she sits in these companies and undertakes to comply with legal requirements and AFEP-MEDEF recommendations regarding multiple directorships. Accordingly, a member of the Supervisory Board must not sit on more than four other Boards of Directors or Supervisory Boards of listed companies outside the Group.
- 2.In accordance with the AFEP-MEDEF Code, each member of the Supervisory Board must be a shareholder of the Company in a personal capacity and hold a significant number of shares.
- Accordingly, pursuant to Article 11.2 of the Bylaws, members of the Supervisory Board must hold a minimum of 250 shares in the Company when they begin their term of office.
- In addition, members of the Supervisory Board must increase the number of shares held to the equivalent of one year’s compensation, that is, 750 shares, before the end of their current term of office.
- The shares purchased must be held in registered form.
- This obligation to hold shares does not apply to shareholders representing employees.
Article 3: Supervisory Board meetings
- 1.In accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 12 of the Bylaws, the Board appoints a secretary nominated by the Chairman. The secretary may be a non-member.
- 2.The Supervisory Board meets as often as necessary, and at least five times per year, with notably a meeting focusing on strategy and a themed-based meeting onrisks, CSR and governance. Meetings are notified by letter, fax, e-mail or orally. Notices of meeting may be issued by the secretary to the Supervisory Board.
- Meetings are called by the Chairman, who sets the agenda. The agenda may be set only at the time of the meeting. In the absence of the Chairman, the meeting is chaired by the Vice-Chairman, who then assumes all the powers of the former.
- At the initiative of most Supervisory Board members or the Chairman of the Board himself, the Board can decide to hold meetings without Executive Board members present.
- The Chairman must call a Supervisory Board meeting within fifteen days of being asked to do so for a valid reason by at least one-third of its members. If such a request remains unsatisfied, the members who submitted the request may themselves call the meeting and set its agenda.
- Meetings are held at the location indicated in the notice of meeting.
- 3.In accordance with Article 13 of the Bylaws and under the conditions provided by prevailing law and at the initiative of the individual convening the meeting, the decisions of the Supervisory Board may be taken by written consultation of Supervisory Board members, including by any electronic means, under the conditions and within the time limits provided by prevailing law and in the notice of meeting.
- In this case, Supervisory Board members are called, at the request of the individual convening the meeting, to decide on the decision or decisions addressed to them, within the time limit provided in the notice of meeting, which cannot be less than two (2) working days from receipt of the consultation documents (except in duly justified emergencies). The individual convening the meeting shall send the text of the proposed deliberations together with the necessary information documents to each Supervisory Board member. The Supervisory Board members must cast their votes within the time limit indicated in the notice of meeting referred to above.
- Any Supervisory Board member may object to the use of written consultation, under the conditions and within the time limit provided for in the notice of meeting, which cannot be less than two (2) working days from receipt of the consultation documents (unless in duly justified emergencies). Where an objection is received within the aforementioned time limit, the individual convening the meeting informs the other Board members immediately and can convene an in-person meeting of the Supervisory Board to vote on the relevant decision(s). The consultation will be closed early if all members have cast their votes. During the reply period, members may submit written questions to the Chairman of the Supervisory Board.
- At the initiative of the Chairman of the Supervisory Board, other individuals with specific expertise in the subjects on the agenda may be invited to give their opinion (where appropriate, it is specified that these individuals do not have voting rights) on the decision submitted to written consultation.
- At the initiative of the individual convening the meeting, any Supervisory Board member may vote by mail, according to the conditions and procedures set by prevailing law and regulations.
- 4.Any Supervisory Board member may authorize another member by letter, fax or e-mail to act on his/her behalf at a meeting. No member may represent more than one other member at the same meeting.
- These provisions also apply to the permanent representative of a legal entity.
- The deliberations of the Supervisory Board shall be valid only if at least half of its members are present or, where appropriate, participated in the written consultation (including by electronic means) or voted by mail. Decisions are taken by a majority of the members present or represented (including those who participated in the written consultation or voted by mail). Where voting is tied (including where written consultation is used), the meeting Chairman will have the casting vote.
- 5.Except when adopting resolutions relating to the appointment or replacement of its Chairman and Vice-Chairman, and those relating to the appointment or dismissal of Executive Board members, Supervisory Board members participating in Board meetings by means of video conferencing or another means of telecommunications enabling their identification and guaranteeing their effective participation, shall be considered present for the purpose of quorum and voting rules, subject to the provisions of relevant laws and regulations.
- In the event of failure to respond in writing (including electronically) to written consultations within the time limits and under the conditions provided for by the author of the request, the Supervisory Board members concerned shall be deemed to be absent and not to have participated in the decision.
- 6.The Supervisory Board may authorize non-members to attend its meetings, whether in person or by means of video conferencing or another means of telecommunications.
- 7.An attendance register signed by the Supervisory Board members attending meetings is held at the registered office.
Article 4: Minutes
The minutes indicate any use of video conferencing or other means of telecommunications, and the names of all those participating in the meeting through such methods.
The secretary to the Board is authorized to distribute and certify copies or extracts of the minutes.
Article 5: Exercise of Supervisory Board powers
The Supervisory Board permanently oversees the management of the Company by its Executive Board. In doing so, it exercises the powers conferred upon it by law and the Bylaws.
1. Information provided to the Supervisory Board
Throughout the year, the Supervisory Board performs the checks and controls it deems warranted, and may request any document it considers necessary to carry out its duties. The Chairman receives a monthly report from the Executive Board on the Company’s investments, cash position, transactions and debt, if any. At least once every quarter, the Executive Board submits a report on the above matters to the Supervisory Board, which includes a presentation of the Company’s business activities and strategy and the highlights for each investment strategy.
- ▰the annual budget of the Company;
- ▰investment and divestment plans for assets financed directly or indirectly by the Company once every six months;
- ▰a Company business plan including a forward-looking plan for the allocation of equity on a three-year basis (with an annual update if necessary);
- ▰changes in transactional practices observed in the different strategies (e.g. financing, management packages, type of sales procedures, price/multiple, exit) once a year.
2. Prior authorization by the Supervisory Board
- (i)Transactions referred to in Article 14, paragraph 4, of the Bylaws and all material transactions outside the strategy of the Company are subject to the prior authorization of the Supervisory Board.
- (ii)In accordance with Article 14 of the Bylaws, the Supervisory Board communicates in writing to the Executive Board the duration, amounts and conditions under which it gives prior authorization for one or more of the transactions covered by paragraph 4 of Article 14 of the Bylaws.
- In the event of urgency between Supervisory Board meetings, the Chairman of the Supervisory Board may, if so authorized by the Supervisory Board, and subject to approval by the Finance Committee, authorize the Executive Board to carry out the transactions covered by paragraph 4 of Article 14 of the Bylaws. For transactions covered by the eighth indent (agreements regarding debt and financing), this delegation may only be implemented when the agreement amount is between €200 million and €350 million. Such authorization must be given in writing. The Chairman will report on this authorization at the next Supervisory Board meeting, which will be asked to ratify the decision.
-
(iii)In
addition to the transactions listed in Article 14 of the Bylaws and above, investment programs are
authorized by the Supervisory Board under the following conditions:
- •in the case of existing strategies, any investment in the Company’s balance sheet in a program or fund managed by the Group where the Company’s commitment is €200 million or more. It is stipulated that to provide this authorization, the Supervisory Board will review not only the amounts invested but also i) the structure and timing of the investment and ii) the projected returns and risks of the investment, presented by the Executive Board. Where the approved amounts committed to this program or fund would be exceeded or Eurazeo performs an additional co-investment, the approval of the Finance Committee or the Supervisory Board would be sought in advance. This approval may be sought by written circular resolution. The Finance Committee is informed beforehand of investments in the Company’s balance sheet of less than €200 million;
- •in the case of a new investment strategy (asset class, market segment, geography), all investments in the Company’s balance sheet in a program or fund managed by the Group involving a commitment by the Group irrespective of the amount. Exceptionally, the Executive Board, after informing the Finance Committee, may, within the limit of €50 million per year in total, test new products or geographies which, to represent a new long-term strategy classified as existing within the meaning of the previous paragraph, would need to be authorized in advance by the Supervisory Board;
- •all investments in the Company’s balance sheet that are not part of a program or fund managed by the Group;
- •all reinvestments in the Company’s balance sheet within a program or fund managed by the Group, where this investment would exceed the initial balance sheet share in this program or fund. The prior agreement of either the Finance Committee or the Supervisory Board is required in such cases. The approval of the Company body may be sought by written circular resolution;
- •all carrying of investments or underwriting on the Company’s balance sheet, with a view to syndication/resale. The prior agreement of either the Finance Committee or the Supervisory Board is required in such cases. The approval of the Company body may be sought by written circular resolution.
- An inventory of all current carried investments/syndications shall be performed at each Audit Committee meeting. Where the fund documentation has not yet been approved by the limited partners, reference shall be made to the concentration percentage limit agreed for the relevant strategy’s previous program/fund applied to the Eurazeo balance sheet commitment.
- (iv)The structuring of Carried interest programs in which corporate officers of the Company are beneficiaries are also subject to the prior authorization of the Supervisory Board.
- (v)The Supervisory Board Chairman may advise the Executive Board at any time on any transaction, whether past, present or future.
- (vi)Prior agreements and/or authorizations granted to the Executive Board under the terms of Article 14 of the Bylaws and this Article must be detailed in the minutes of the proceedings of the Supervisory and Executive Boards.
Article 6: Establishment of committees – Common provisions
- 1.Under the terms of paragraph 6 of Article 14 of the Bylaws, the Supervisory Board resolves to set up an Audit Committee, a Finance Committee, a Compensation, Appointment and Governance (CAG) Committee and a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Committee. All four specialized committees are permanent committees. Their duties and rules are set out in their charters in Appendices 1, 2, 3 and 4 to these Internal Rules.
- 2.Each Committee has between three and seven members appointed in a personal capacity, who may not be represented by other members. They are chosen freely by the Board, which ensures that they include independent members.
- 3.Although the term of Committee membership coincides with the member’s term of office on the Supervisory Board, the latter can change the composition of its committees at any time and remove a member from a Committee if necessary.
- 4.The Board may also appoint one or more non-voting members to sit on one or more committees for whatever duration it sees fit. In accordance with the Bylaws, these non-voting members may only take part in Committee proceedings in aconsultative capacity. They may not act on behalf of Supervisory Board members and may only advise.
- 5.The Board appoints the Committee Chairman from among its members, and for the duration of his/her appointment as a Committee member.
- 6.Each Committee reports on the performance of its duties at the next meeting of the Supervisory Board.
- 7.Each Committee sets the frequency of its own meetings, which are held at the registered office or any other location selected by the Chairman, who also sets the agenda for each meeting.
- The Chairman of a Committee may invite Supervisory Board members to attend one or more of its meetings. Only Committee members may take part in deliberations.
- Each Committee may invite any guest of its choice to attend its meetings.
- 8.In the absence of specific provisions, the minutes of each Committee meeting are recorded by the secretary appointed by the Committee Chairman, under the authority of the Committee Chairman. The minutes are distributed to all Committee members. The Committee Chairman decides on the conditions governing the way in which the work of the Committee is reported to the Supervisory Board.
- 9.Each Committee puts forward proposals, recommendations and/or advice within its own field of expertise. For this purpose, it may undertake or commission any studies liable to assist the deliberations of the Supervisory Board and, after having informed the Chairman of the Supervisory Board or the Supervisory Board itself, it may call on external experts if necessary at the expense of the Company.The committees report on the information and opinions obtained.
- 10.Compensation of Committee members is set by the Supervisory Board, and paid from the total amount of compensation for the year.
Article 7: Supervisory Board compensation
- 1.The Chairman and Vice-Chairman may receive compensation, the nature, amount and payment methods of which are determined by the Supervisory Board acting upon recommendation of the CAG Committee.
-
2.The
amount of compensation set by the Shareholders’ Meeting under the terms of Article 15 of the Bylaws
is shared between the Supervisory Board, itscommittees and, when applicable, their non-voting
members, in accordance with the following principles:
- •the Supervisory Board sets the amount of compensation allocated to Supervisory Board members, and the amount allocated to the Chairman and members of each Committee,
- •compensation allocated to members of the Supervisory Board includes a fixed portion and a variable portion in proportion to their actual presence at Board meetings,
- •compensation allocated to members of the committees is determined in proportion to their actual presence at Committee meetings;
- •the Supervisory Board may decide that a proportion of the compensation should be allocated to non-voting members, the amount and conditions of such allocation being set by the Supervisory Board itself,
- •the Supervisory Board may decide the grant of exceptional compensation for specific assignments entrusted to a member,
- •in the event the total amount of compensation set by the Shareholders’ Meeting is exceeded, a reduction ratio is applied to all compensation granted to members and non-voting members.
- 3.Members of the Supervisory Board will be reimbursed reasonable and necessary expenses incurred in the exercise of their duties and the interests of the Company (travel and hotel expenses incurred to attend Supervisory Board and Committee meetings), subject to presentation of supporting documents and within the conditions set by the expense reimbursement policy for Board members.
Article 8: Ethics
- 1.Supervisory Board and Committee members, and any person attending Supervisory Board and/or Committee meetings, are bound by a general obligation of confidentiality concerning the proceedings attended, and in respect of any confidential information or information described as such by the Chairman of the meeting concerned or the Chairman of the Executive Board.
- 2.More particularly, when the Supervisory Board receives precise confidential information liable, if published, to affect the share price of the Company or one of the companies it controls, then the members of the Board must refrain from disclosing this information to any third party until it has been made public. The Supervisory Board members must comply with the provisions of the securities trading code of conduct that they have signed.
- 3.Every Supervisory Board member must inform the Company by sealed letter conveyed via the Chairman of the Supervisory Board, of any transaction involving his/her shares in the Company. This letter must include details of the number of Company shares held and be submitted within three business days of the transaction to which it refers. Supervisory Board members must also inform the Company of the number of shares they hold as of December 31 of each year, and at the time of any financial transaction, so that the Company can disclose this information.
- 4.The Company may ask any Supervisory Board member to provide full information concerning transactions in the shares of listed companies, when suchinformation is necessary to satisfy reporting obligations to national regulatory bodies, and more specifically, market regulators.
- 5.When a transaction is planned in which a Supervisory Board member or a non-voting member of the Supervisory Board has a direct or indirect interest (e.g. when a Board member is affiliated with the seller’s advisory or funding bank, or the bank advising or funding a Eurazeo competitor in respect of the same transaction, or with a major supplier or customer of a company in which Eurazeo is considering acquiring an investment), the Supervisory Board member or the non-voting member of the Supervisory Board concerned must inform the Chairman of the Supervisory Board as soon as he/she is aware of the planned transaction, specifying whether his/her interest is direct or indirect and the nature of the interest. The Supervisory Board member or the non-voting member of the Supervisory Board concerned is then required to abstain from participating in Supervisory Board or Committee meetings at which the prospective transaction is discussed. Consequently, he/she takes no part in the proceedings of the Supervisory Board or in the vote concerning the planned transaction, and does not receive the relevant section of the minutes.
Article 9: Notification
-
5.6The Executive Board and its activities
5.6.1Composition of the Executive Board as of December 31, 2025
On March 17, 2025, the Eurazeo Supervisory Board duly noted the resignation of Olivier Millet, a member of the Executive Board since 2018 and Managing Partner notably in charge of investment activities for SMEs and mid-caps, which he had managed since 2005.
Olivier Millet’s resignation formed part of a planned and deliberate management transition aimed at building a benchmark, recognized and cohesive team under the leadership of Pierre Meignen, who has been with the Group for nearly 15 years and has been Managing Partner in charge of the Elevate business since 2023. The Supervisory Board commended Olivier Millet’s longstanding commitment to the Group, in particular to the development of investment activities in the healthcare sector. It also paid tribute to his conviction on ESG matters and to his role in developing the private equity sector as Chairman of France Invest from 2016 to 2018.
Following Olivier Millet’s departure, the Supervisory Board renewed its confidence in the members of the current Executive Board, William Kadouch-Chassaing and Christophe Bavière, co-CEOs and Sophie Flak, Managing Partner – Sustainability, Impact & Tech, and instructed them to continue implementing Eurazeo’s strategic plan.
The members of the Executive Board were appointed for a term of four years (expiry in 2027). On February 5, 2025, Christophe Bavière was appointed Chairman of the Executive Board and William Kadouch-Chassaing was appointed Chief Executive Officer for a one-year term.
The duties of Chairman of the Executive Board and Chief Executive Officer are rotated annually between William Kadouch-Chassaing and Christophe Bavière, on February 5 of each year. Pursuant to the Bylaws, the Chief Executive Officer has the same powers of representation as the Chairman of the Executive Board.
-
5.7Offices and positions held by the Executive Board
as of December 31, 2025
William Kadouch-Chassaing
Chairman of the Executive Board (1)
Age: 57 (01/02/1969)
Nationality: FrenchDate of first term of office on the Executive Board: 2022
End date of term of office: 2027
Business address:
Eurazeo
66, rue Pierre Charron
75008 ParisExperience and expertise
- ▰William Kadouch-Chassaing joined Eurazeo in March 2022 as a member of the Executive Board, General Manager Finance and Strategy and Chief Investment Officer. He is Chairman of the Executive Board since February 5, 2026 (2).
- ▰William Kadouch-Chassaing began his career in 1992 in the office of the Minister of Transport, while working concurrently as an associate professor in economics and social sciences at university level. In 1996, he joined JP Morgan as an economist and strategist before joining the Mergers & Acquisitions Department in 1998, as a manager within the Telecom, Media and Tech team in London. In 2007, he became a Senior Banker for Société Générale corporate and investment banking. In 2013, he was appointed Deputy Chief Financial Officer and Head of Group Strategy of the Société Générale group, becoming a member of the group’s General Management Committee. William Kadouch-Chassaing was Group Chief Financial Officer and then Deputy General Manager & Head of Finance of Société Générale group from mid-2018 to November 2021. He was also a Director of Amundi SA from 2013 to 2015 and 2018 to 2021.
- ▰William Kadouch-Chassaing graduated from École Normale Supérieure (humanities and social sciences), Sorbonne University and the Paris Institute of Political Science and became an associate professor of economics and social sciences in 1992.
Offices and positions held in companies as of December 31, 2025
Offices and positions currently held in the Eurazeo group as of December 31, 2025
- ▰Chief Executive Officer (from February 5, 2025) and member of the Executive Board of Eurazeo SE*.
- ▰Chairman of Eurazeo Global Investor SAS (from February 5, 2025), Eurazeo Patrimoine, Legendre Holding 84, CarryCo Capital 1, CarryCo Capital 2, CarryCo Croissance 3 and CarryCo Pluto.
- ▰Chief Executive Officer of Eurazeo Patrimoine Asset Management, Eurazeo Growth Holding, Legendre Holding 26, Legendre Holding 30, Legendre Holding 34, Legendre Holding 36, Legendre Holding 72, Legendre Holding 74, Legendre Holding 75, Legendre Holding 79, Legendre Holding 80, Legendre Holding 81, Legendre Holding 82, Legendre Holding 83, Legendre Holding 86, Legendre Holding 91, Legendre Holding 98, Legendre Holding 99, Legendre Holding 110, LH BackMarket, LH Bandier, LH Beekman, LH ContentSquare, LH CPK, LH Doctolib, LH Emerige, LHH 1, LHH 2, LH Honey, LH Hospitality, LH Jaanuu, LH Mano, LH Meero, LH Nest, LH PayFit, LH PMG, LH QTonic, LH Seqens, LH VC, LH WS, CarryCo Brands, CarryCo Patrimoine, CarryCo Patrimoine 2, CarryCo Croissance, CarryCo Croissance 2.
- ▰Member of the Board of Directors of the Eurazeo venture philanthropy fund.
- ▰Member of the Supervisory Board of Eurazeo Infrastructure Managers SAS and Kurma Partners.
- ▰Member of the Supervisory Committee of IM Square SAS.
- ▰Chief Executive Officer of Alpine NewCo, Inc. (USA).
Offices and positions currently held outside the Eurazeo group as of December 31, 2025
- ▰-
Other offices and positions held over the past five years
- ▰Chairman of the Executive Board and Chief Executive Officer of Eurazeo SE* (2).
- ▰Chairman of Legendre Holding 25.
- ▰Chief Executive Officer of Eurazeo Global Investor SAS (3), Bioline AgroSciences Holding, Bioline AgroSciences Group, Eurazeo Capital V FF B, EC V Parallel Fund, Humens Topco, LH Adjust, LH Apcoa, LH GP, LH Reden 2020, LH Open Road, LH Grandir, Legendre Holding 43, Legendre Holding 35, Legendre Holding 44, Legendre Holding 59 and Legendre Holding 65.
- ▰Deputy General Manager & Head of Finance of the Société Générale group*.
- ▰Member of the Supervisory Board of Société Générale Algérie.
- ▰Director of Eurazeo Mid Cap SA (now Eurazeo Global Investor SAS), Eurazeo ITA Srl (Italy), Université Sorbonne Nouvelle and Amundi*.
- ▰Chairman of the Board of Directors and Director of Eurazeo Investment Manager SA and the Eurazeo venture philanthropy fund.
- *Listed company.

Christophe Bavière
Chief Executive Officer (4)
Age: 62 (03/05/1964)
Nationality: FrenchDate of first term of office on the Executive Board: 2021
End date of term of office: 2027
Business address:
Eurazeo
66, rue Pierre Charron
75008 ParisExperience and expertise
- ▰Christophe Bavière has been a member of the Eurazeo Executive Board since March 10, 2021 and is Chief Executive Officer since February 5, 2026 (5). He was Chairman – Founder of Idinvest Partners from 2001 to March 2021 and Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors of Eurazeo Investment Manager from March 2021 to December 2023.
- ▰Before joining Idinvest Partners, Christophe Bavière held senior positions within the AGF-Allianz Group, in particular as CIO of Allianz Private Equity Partners, CEO of Allianz Global Investors France and CIO Executive Board member of Allianz Global Investors monde. From 1997, he contributed to the development of Private Equity as a separate asset class in diversified portfolios and to the creation of Idinvest Partners (formerly AGF Private Equity). Previously, Christophe Bavière worked at the Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations and at BNP Paribas.
- ▰Christophe Bavière is a Director of the Association Française de Gestion. Previously, he was Vice-President of France Invest until 2015 and held two 4-year terms of office on the AMF’s Advisory Committee until 2020. He is also a Colonel in the French Air Force Reserve.
- ▰Christophe Bavière holds an MBA from the University of Ottawa, is a member of the Institute of French Actuaries and graduated from ESLSCA. In 2007, he was elected “Private Equity Personality of the Year 2006” by Les Échos – Capital Finance.
- ▰He is a Knight of the Legion of Honor and the Order of Merit.
Offices and positions held in companies as of December 31, 2025
Offices and positions currently held in the Eurazeo group as of December 31, 2025
- ▰Chairman of the Executive Board (from February 5, 2025) and member of the Executive Board of Eurazeo SE*.
- ▰Chief Executive Officer of Eurazeo Global Investor SAS (from February 5, 2025).
- ▰Chairman of Idinvest Expansion 2015 SA, Idinvest Expansion 2017 SA and 2A Leasing SAS.
- ▰Chairman and CEO of Holding Entreprises et Patrimoine SA.
- ▰Chairman and member of the Board of Directors of the Eurazeo venture philanthropy fund.
Offices and positions currently held outside the Eurazeo group as of December 31, 2025
- ▰Chairman of Bavière Finance Conseil SAS.
- ▰Member of the Board of Directors of AFG (Association Française de la Gestion Financière).
- ▰Chairman of the Board of Directors of Notre-Dame des Oiseaux (Association).
Other offices and positions held over the past five years
- ▰Chairman of the Executive Board and Chief Executive Officer of Eurazeo SE* (2).
- ▰Chairman of Eurazeo Global Investor SAS (6)
- ▰Chairman of the Board of Directors of Eurazeo Mid Cap SA (now Eurazeo Global Investor SAS) and of Idinvest Expansion 2016 SA.
- ▰Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors of Eurazeo Investment Manager SA.
- *Listed company.

Sophie FLAK
Managing Partner – Sustainability, Impact & Tech
Age: 54 (10/18/1971)
Nationality: FrenchDate of first term of office on the Executive Board: 2023
End date of term of office: 2027
Business address:
Eurazeo
66, rue Pierre Charron
75008 ParisExperience and expertise
- ▰Sophie Flak is Managing Partner - Sustainability, Impact & Tech at Eurazeo and a member of the Eurazeo Executive Board since February 5, 2023. She oversees the roll‑out of the Group’s Sustainability and Impact strategy across all of its operations and investments, as well as the investment team of the impact fund, Eurazeo Planetary Boundaries Fund. She also leads the integration of technology and artificial intelligence into Eurazeo’s operations.
- ▰Sophie Flak joined Eurazeo in 2013, bringing 15 years of experience in sustainable and digital strategies and transformations. A Senior Executive in Accenture’s Strategy practice for eleven years, she notably created the firm’s sustainability offering in France. In 2010, she joined the Accor group Executive Committee, where she led the group’s strategy on sustainability, technology and innovation.
- ▰Sophie Flak contributes actively to the design of reference frameworks and the development of market practices in these areas. She was notably a member of the French National Digital Council, where she steered work on the digital and environmental roadmap, and took part in the European Commission’s consultation process on non‑financial performance and reporting standards through EFRAG. She also taught sustainability reporting at Sciences Po Paris for seven years, and chaired an association dedicated to research into yoga in education for thirteen years, until 2025.
- ▰A graduate of Sciences Po Strasbourg and EM Lyon, Sophie Flak also completed the Executive Program at Singularity University.
Offices and positions held in companies as of December 31, 2025
Offices and positions currently held in the Eurazeo group as of December 31, 2025
- ▰Member of the Executive Board of Eurazeo SE*.
- ▰Director and Chairwoman of the Patronage Committee of the Eurazeo venture philanthropy fund.
Offices and positions currently held outside the Eurazeo group as of December 31, 2025
- ▰-
Other offices and positions held over the past five years
- ▰Chairwoman of the non-profit Recherche sur le Yoga dans l’Éducation (Research into yoga in education).
- ▰Director of AFIR Holding & Management Company and Quantis International SA (Switzerland).
- ▰Member of the Supervisory Board of Europcar Mobility Group*, Financière Redspher, Seqens Group Holding and WS Holdings Acquisition, Inc (USA).
- ▰Member of the National Digital Council and the EFRAG non-financial reporting working group.
- ▰Non-voting member of Questel Unite.
- *Listed company.
-
5.8Compensation and other benefits received by corporate officers
5.8.12026 Corporate officer compensation policy
5.8.1.1General principles
This section presents the corporate officer compensation policy as set by the Supervisory Board at the recommendation of the CAG Committee, pursuant to Article L. 22-10-26 of the French Commercial Code. The procedure followed will be the same for any review of the compensation policy.
The composition of the Supervisory Board and its CAG Committee helps ensure a lack of conflict of interest when drawing up, reviewing and implementing the compensation policy.
This compensation policy is subject to approval by the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 6, 2026. The components of corporate officer compensation for 2026 are determined, awarded or taken within this framework by the Supervisory Board.
The compensation policy is established taking into consideration the compensation and employment conditions of Company and Group employees, as a significant portion of Group employees have a variable component of their annual compensation. Similarly, pursuant to the recommendations of the AFEP-MEDEF Code, free shares and options are not only granted to executive corporate officers, but benefit all Group employees each year, which means that some of them are subject to performance conditions comparable to those applicable to the Executive Board members.
5.8.1.2Compensation policy for Supervisory Board members
The compensation policy for Supervisory Board members aims to establish competitive compensation adapted to Group issues in view of the overall sum approved by shareholders. This policy promotes the attendance of Supervisory Board members at Board and Committee proceedings.
- ▰the Chairman and Vice-Chairman may receive compensation, the nature, amount and payment methods of which are determined by the Supervisory Board acting upon recommendation of the CAG Committee;
-
▰the
amount of compensation set by the Shareholders’ Meeting under the terms of Article 15 of the Bylaws
is shared between the Supervisory Board, its Standing Committees and, when applicable, their
non-voting members, in accordance with the following principles:
- •the Supervisory Board sets the amount of compensation allocated to Supervisory Board members and the amount allocated to the Chairman and members of each Committee,
- •compensation allocated to members of the Supervisory Board includes a fixed portion and a variable portion in proportion to their actual presence at Board meetings,
- •compensation allocated to members of the committees is determined in proportion to their actual presence at Committee meetings,
- •the Supervisory Board may decide that a proportion of the compensation should be allocated to non-voting members, the amount and conditions of such allocation being set by the Supervisory Board itself,
- •the Supervisory Board may decide the grant of exceptional compensation for specific assignments entrusted to a member,
- •in the event the total amount of compensation set by the Shareholders’ Meeting is exceeded, a reduction ratio is applied to all compensation granted to members and non-voting members.
According to the Shareholders’ Meeting of April 25, 2018 in its 28th resolution, the annual compensation allocated to the Supervisory Board is €1,200,000 until decided otherwise.
On March 6, 2024, at the recommendation of the CAG Committee, the Supervisory Board set the compensation policy for Supervisory Board members that was presented for vote at the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 7, 2024. The CAG Committee proposed an increase in the variable component for attendance at Supervisory Board and Committee meetings due to the increase in the number of meetings, the greater commitment required of members and the complexity of proceedings, without increasing the total amount of attendance fees of €1.2 million set in 2018. It analyzed market practices and benchmark components for listed companies in France and Europe. After this review, the following parameters were adopted: (i) retention of the overall amount of €1.2 million, (ii) inclusion of new members in some committees, (iii) retention of fixed annual compensation of €18,000 for each member of the Supervisory Board, with a 200% and 100% bonus, respectively, for the Chairman and Vice-Chairman and finally (iv) the predominance of the variable component linked to attendance of members at meetings of the Board and Committees, including an identical variable component for all committees.
The principles governing the Supervisory Board’s 2024 compensation policy were continued in 2025 and will be retained unchanged for 2026.
The two members of the Supervisory Board representing employees receive no compensation for their duties.
Lastly, on the recommendation of the CAG Committee, the additional annual remuneration paid to the Chairman of the Supervisory Board is maintained unchanged at €150,000, a level that has remained the same since 2022.
The 9th resolution presented to the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 6, 2026 asks shareholder to approve the 2026 compensation policy for Supervisory Board members.
In addition, reasonable travel and accommodation expenses incurred at the time of Board and Committee meetings are reimbursed on the presentation of receipts. Supervisory Board members do not receive other components of compensation, specifically share subscription or purchase options or performance shares.
In accordance with the AFEP-MEDEF Code, each member of the Supervisory Board must be a shareholder of the Company in a personal capacity and hold a significant number of shares. Pursuant to Article 11.2 of the Bylaws, members of the Supervisory Board must hold a minimum of 250 shares in the Company when they begin their term of office. In addition, Article 4 of the Internal Rules states that members of the Supervisory Board must increase the number of shares held to the equivalent of one year’s compensation, that is 750 shares, before the end of their current term of office. This obligation to hold shares does not apply to members representing employees, when applicable.
5.8.1.3Compensation policy for Executive Board members
The Supervisory Board sets the compensation policy for members of Eurazeo’s Executive Board on the basis of recommendations made by the CAG Committee, taking account of the principles set out in the AFEP-MEDEF Code: comprehensiveness, balance between compensation components, comparability, consistency, understandability of the rules and proportionality.
It strictly complies with the specific regulatory framework applicable in the countries and business sectors in which Eurazeo operates, including the AIFMD.
It reflects the responsibilities of the Executive Board members and the Group’s context, remains competitive and encourages the promotion of Group performance in the medium and long-term, in line with the Company’s interest and the Eurazeo group’s ESG policy.
The Eurazeo group rewards performance based on results and ensures that performance is measured so as not to encourage irresponsible risk taking. It thereby guarantees shareholders and clients long-term returns on their investments. The governance bodies ensure that compensation practices do not go against this objective, but also that they remain sufficiently competitive to attract and retain the best expertise and the best talent and encourage employee commitment.
- ▰the creation of annual value for the Group, its shareholders and its clients, through annual variable compensation;
- ▰the creation of mid-term value for the Group and its shareholders, through annual free share grants, the majority of which are subject to performance conditions tied to the Group’s main indicators.
The members of the Executive Board therefore receive the following components: fixed compensation, annual variable compensation and long-term compensation (performance share grants).
At the recommendation of the CAG Committee, the Supervisory Board meeting of March 10, 2026 adjusted the Executive Board compensation policy in the following areas:
- ▰the introduction of two economic criteria for long‑term compensation, relating to the increase in the FRE margin rate and the growth in third‑party assets under management;
- ▰the review of the respective weightings of the four criteria in line with changes in the business model;
- ▰an adjustment to the grant amount for each member.
This compensation policy will also apply to any new Executive Board member appointed during the year.
Fixed compensation
The fixed compensation seeks to guarantee a competitive level of compensation compared to the sector and in line with the Company’s development. It is determined by the Supervisory Board based on market practices observed in comparable sector companies. The fixed compensation is not intended to change each year. The fixed compensation allocated to each member of the Executive Board will be reviewed every four years, in the absence of any specific change in responsibilities and/or duties.
The fixed compensation of the co-CEOs and the member of the Executive Board is unchanged and therefore remains fixed at:
- ▰€800,000 for Christophe Bavière;
- ▰€800,000 for William Kadouch-Chassaing;
- ▰€450,000 for Sophie Flak.
Annual variable compensation
The principles and criteria setting the annual variable compensation of Executive Board members are determined and reviewed each year by the Supervisory Board based on the recommendations of the CAG Committee.
Target variable compensation is expressed for each Executive Board member as a percentage of annual fixed compensation, set at 100%. This target bonus represents 100% attainment of the objectives set for the various criteria.
- ▰objective economic criteria, representing 65% of the target bonus;
- ▰specific qualitative criteria, common and specific to Executive Board members, representing 20% of the target bonus and based on quantifiable elements directly linked to the presented strategy and the defined objectives;
- ▰and finally, an ESG appraisal representing 15% of the target bonus.
-
▰the
annual increase in the Portfolio Fair Value (PFV), expressed as a percentage of value
creation: This criterion gives greater weighting to PFV value creation for investments performed
after January 2023, the date of appointment of the current Executive Board. This criterion is
weighted 20% when measuring the attainment of this criterion and the PFV of the portfolio as a whole
is weighted 80%. This criterion represents 20% of the target bonus where the objective of 8% annual
growth currently set by the Supervisory Board is attained and can reach 40% if this objective is
exceeded;
- •this criterion allows greater consideration to be given to value creation by investments whose performance is entirely attributable to the current Executive Board. It reveals potential capital gains on disposal of portfolio companies;
-
▰the
relative
performance of the Eurazeo share measured with respect to the increase in Total
Shareholder Return (TSR) compared
to the LPX-TR Europe index: this criterion represents 5% of the target bonus. The target
is attained if the relative performance is equal to +2.5% and can reach 10% in the event of
outperformance of +5.0% or more. No bonus is granted if the Eurazeo share performance is not at
least equal to that of the index;
- •this criterion, which compares the Eurazeo share performance with that of an index of peers, helps align the interests of Executive Board members with those of shareholders;
-
▰external
fundraising in line with budget: this criterion is based on total fundraising with
third-party investors. It represents 20% of the target bonus if the objective determined by the
Supervisory Board is attained and can reach 35% if this objective is exceeded;
- •this criterion measures compliance with fundraising forecasts controlled by the Audit Committee, an indicator that is both a key component of recurring revenue creation and a measure of the appeal of the Eurazeo funds;
-
▰FRE
(fee related earnings) in line with budget in the context of the development of the
Group’s asset management activity: this criterion represents 20% of the target bonus if the
objective set by the Supervisory Board is attained and can reach 35% if this objective is exceeded;
- •this criterion measures both attainment of recurring revenue forecasts for management fees notably resulting from fundraising and control over Group operating expenses.
The relative weightings of the various criteria referred to above reflect the CAG Committee’s wish to link the variable compensation of executives directly with the duties entrusted to the Executive Board by the Supervisory Board: the criteria relating to the development of asset management activities, fundraising and FRE were increased from fiscal year 2025.
Depending on the level of attainment of these criteria (values less than, equal to or more than the target values set), the portion of variable compensation based on economic criteria can vary between 0% and 120% of the target bonus.
Individual qualitative criteria are set annually by the Supervisory Board at the recommendation of the CAG Committee. They include notably items relating to strategy and the ESG policy, contributing to company sustainability.
At the recommendation of the CAG Committee, the Supervisory Board Meeting of March 10, 2026 defined the following qualitative criteria:
-
▰quantifiable
criteria common to all Executive Board members representing 10% of the target bonus and relating to:
- •cost control compared to budget, for 5% of the target bonus,
- •change in relative fund performance compared to peers, for 5% of the target bonus;
- ▰individual criteria linked to the operating responsibilities of each Executive Board member and associated with strategic developments or the implementation of their activity, representing 10% of the target bonus.
- ▰annual progress in investee company decarbonization indicators and/or attainment of formal decarbonization targets (see Section 3.2.2.7); and
- ▰annual progress in indicators concerning women in the workplace (particularly the unadjusted gender pay gap and the percentage of women in the total workforce, investment teams and new hires during the year) (see Section 3.3.1.6).
In all events, after addition of the economic criteria, the qualitative criteria and the ESG appraisal, the total variable compensation awarded cannot exceed 150% of the target variable compensation.
The Supervisory Board can reserve the possibility to pay additional variable compensation in the event of exceptional circumstances – such as, for example, a transformational acquisition or a major and structural change in the Group’s scope – due to their importance to the Company or the involvement they require or difficulties they represent. The reasons for this compensation would be substantiated and set in accordance with the AFEP-MEDEF Code general principles on compensation and AMF recommendations.
Once set by the Supervisory Board and approved by the Shareholders’ Meeting, the variable compensation amount cannot be reduced or returned.
Target
Potential
maximumEconomic criteria
65%
120%
Change in PFV value creation in absolute terms
20%
40%
Eurazeo TSR performance relative to the LPX-TR Europe index
5%
10%
Fundraising in line with budget
20%
35%
FRE in line with budget
20%
35%
Common and individual qualitative criteria 20%
20%
20%
ESG criteria
15%
15%
Total
100%
150% (1)
- (1)A ceiling is determined so that annual variable compensation cannot exceed 150% of annual fixed compensation under any circumstances. The Supervisory Board can reserve the possibility to pay additional variable compensation in the event of exceptional circumstances, due to their importance to the Company or the involvement they require or difficulties they represent.
Pursuant to prevailing regulations, payment of the variable compensation to each Executive Board member in respect of fiscal year 2026 will be subject to approval by the Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting approving the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2026, of the components of compensation paid or awarded to the executive in question for the year.
Executive Board members are not intended to receive compensation from offices held in the investments. Accordingly, this compensation is deducted from variable compensation payable in respect of the same fiscal year.
Long-term compensation
Long-term compensation seeks to encourage value creation over the long-term and align the interests of managers with those of shareholders. It is accompanied by strict performance conditions which reflect the Company’s strategy. Long-term compensation is framed by an authorization granted by the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 7, 2025 (19th resolutions). The Executive Board is therefore authorized to grant free shares to employees and corporate officers of the Company and/or affiliates, representing up to 3% of the Company’s share capital per 38-month period, i.e. an average of 1% per year. Grants of free shares to corporate officers are subject to a sub-ceiling of 1.5% of the share capital;
The Supervisory Board sets, for each Executive Board member, the number of performance shares that will be granted according to their responsibilities and contribution to the Company’s operations. Since fiscal year 2025, long-term compensation represents a percentage of target compensation for the previous year (see Section 5.8.1.4), and no longer a percentage of the total compensation awarded in respect of the current fiscal year. This change was desired in order to unlink long-term compensation from annual variable compensation, so as not to extend over three years the over or under-performance of a single year,
Pursuant to Article 14 of the Bylaws, prior authorization by the Supervisory Board is required for “the creation of stock option plans and the grant of Company share subscription or purchase options, or the grant of free shares in the Company to employees or certain categories of employees or any similar product”.
At the recommendation of the CAG Committee, the Supervisory Board meeting of March 10, 2026 decided, from fiscal year 2026 and subject to approval by the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 6, 2026, to amend the performance share grant policy as follows:
-
▰conditions
applicable to long-term instruments (applicable to the 2026 performance share plan):
-
•long-term
compensation will represent the equivalent of 12 months’ target compensation,
i.e. 24 months’ base salary, for the co-CEOs, and 9 months’ target
compensation,
i.e. 18 months base salary, for the other members of the Executive Board. The
Supervisory Board assessed the competitiveness and comparability of long-term compensation
against a peer group comprising eight investment companies comparable to Eurazeo (ICG,
Partners Group, EQT, Bridgepoint, GBL, Wendel, Tikehau and CVC Capital Partners),
communicated by Deloitte. The compensation compares to the panel as follows:
- •long-term compensation equivalent to the first quartile of the peer group for the co-CEOs,
- •long-term compensation equivalent to the median of the peer group for the other members of the Executive Board;
-
•long-term
compensation will represent the equivalent of 12 months’ target compensation,
i.e. 24 months’ base salary, for the co-CEOs, and 9 months’ target
compensation,
i.e. 18 months base salary, for the other members of the Executive Board. The
Supervisory Board assessed the competitiveness and comparability of long-term compensation
against a peer group comprising eight investment companies comparable to Eurazeo (ICG,
Partners Group, EQT, Bridgepoint, GBL, Wendel, Tikehau and CVC Capital Partners),
communicated by Deloitte. The compensation compares to the panel as follows:
Executive corporate officer long-term compensation
-
▰performance
criteria applicable to long-term instruments (applicable to the 2026 performance share
plan): the Supervisory Board, at the recommendation of the CAG Committee, decided to introduce two
new performance criteria and adjust the weighting of the criteria to make the long‑term compensation
policy for Executive Board members more balanced and more closely aligned with the execution of the
strategic plan. The two new criteria are as follows:
- •a growth criterion for third-party assets under management is included for 25%, with no possibility of outperformance;
- •a criterion relating to the increase in the FRE margin rate, also representing 25%, without no possibility of outperformance, which replaces the criterion relating to the increase in the valuation of the asset management activity.
- The weighing of the two existing criteria is modified as follows:
- •the ANA criterion is reduced from 50% to 25% and the criterion relating to the change in the Eurazeo share price compared to the SBF 120 index is removed,
- •the weighting of the criterion relating to the change in the Eurazeo share price compared to the LPX-TR Europe index is increased from 20% to 25%. The increased weighting of this criterion from fiscal year 2026 seeks to strengthen alignment between Executive Board members and shareholders while assessing the performance of the Eurazeo group compared to that of its peers.
- ▰Accounting Net Asset (ANA) performance, restated for distributions, per share. Shares will only vest if this indicator improves and the grant rate is calculated on a straight-line basis between an average annual improvement of 0% and +8%. This criterion now represents 25% of the total grant compared to 50% previously. If Eurazeo outperforms this indicator by between 8% and 10%, an additional vesting percentage of 5% can be obtained through straight-line interpolation;
- ▰the change in the Eurazeo share price (dividends reinvested) compared to the LPX-TR Europe index, an index relating to European listed investment companies. This criterion now represents 25% of the total grant compared to 20% previously. If Eurazeo share performance is in line with the LPX-TR Europe index in the period, the entire share tranche will vest. If Eurazeo underperforms compared to the index, no shares will vest in this regard. If the Eurazeo share outperforms this index by between 0% and +10%, an additional vesting percentage of 5% can be obtained through straight-line interpolation;
- ▰the growth in third-party assets under management. Shares will only vest if this indicator increases compared to its value at December of the year preceding the grant, and the grant rate is calculated on a straight-line basis between 0% and +25% growth in the indicator over three fiscal years over the duration of the plan. This criterion represents 25% of the total grant. No additional shares will vest if the criterion outperforms. The introduction of this criterion seeks to measure the Group’s capacity to generate recurring revenues and the attractiveness of the Eurazeo funds;
- ▰the increase in the FRE margin rate. Shares will only vest if this indicator increases compared to its value at December of the year preceding the grant, and the grant rate is calculated on a straight-line basis between 0% and +1.5% growth in the indicator over three fiscal years. This criterion represents 25% of the total grant. No additional shares will vest if the criterion outperforms. The introduction of this criterion seeks to measure Eurazeo’s performance as an asset manager on behalf of investment partners;
- ▰if one or several criteria outperform, the number of shares that vest cannot exceed the number of shares initially granted, as adjusted for dilutive events during this period, where applicable.
Target
Potential maximum
Change in ANA per share, adjusted for distributions
25%
30%
Share performance (dividends reinvested) vs. LPX-TR Europe index
25%
30%
Growth in third-party assets under management
25%
25%
Increase in FRE margin rate
25%
25%
Total
100%
100% (1)
- (1)A ceiling is determined so that the number of shares that vest cannot exceed the number of shares initially granted, as adjusted for dilutive events during this period, where applicable.
The performance conditions are applicable to 100% of the annual grants for members of the Executive Board and the Management Committee, as well as Partners and Managing Directors of the investment teams and investor relations team. For other beneficiaries, the vesting of half of their shares will be subject to the attainment of these Performance Conditions.
As a reminder, since fiscal year 2024, the long-term compensation of Executive Board members and employee beneficiaries consists solely of performance shares, the value of which is estimated by an independent third party.
Free performance share grants are subject to a three-year vesting period (the “Vesting Date”) and the attainment of the performance conditions detailed below, assessed over a three-year period.
- ▰the total number of shares granted to the Executive Board may not represent 50% or more of the total number of shares granted;
- ▰the value of such shares as presented in the consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS cannot exceed twice the total annual compensation (fixed and variable) of each executive corporate officer.
Should a member of the Executive Board leave the Company before the end of the vesting period for performance share grant plans, unvested rights will be lost in the absence of a decision to the contrary by the competent bodies lifting the obligation of presence for some or all of the securities not yet vested:
- ▰in the event of retirement, unvested rights will be maintained in full;
- ▰in exceptional circumstances, the Supervisory Board can decide to maintain all or part of unvested rights in the event of the departure of an executive. The reasons for the Supervisory Board’s decision must be substantiated and in the corporate interest;
- ▰in other discretionary cases, unvested rights will be maintained at maximum on a time-apportioned basis.
The shares maintained will not vest early and will remain subject to the attainment of performance conditions.
Pursuant to the provisions of the fourth paragraph of Article L. 225-185 of the French Commercial Code, each member of the Executive Board is required to hold in a registered account, throughout his or her term of office, either directly or indirectly through wealth management or family structures, one-third of the shares resulting from grants of free performance shares, capped at the equivalent of three times the amount of the most recent annual fixed compensation for the Chairman of the Executive Board and two times the most recent annual fixed compensation for the other Executive Board members.
Supplementary defined benefit pension plan
Other benefits
- ▰a company car;
- ▰senior executive insurance policy coverage (garantie sociale des chefs d’entreprise – GSC) in the case of Christophe Bavière and William Kadouch-Chassaing due to the suspension of their employment contract.
Furthermore, in the event of expatriation, the Company may bear the cost of certain expenses (relocation costs, accommodation, compensation for higher living costs, schooling and daycare costs and tax assistance) and additional taxes under the conditions set by the Supervisory Board.
Finally, in common with all Company staff, Executive Board members are covered by the same contribution and benefit conditions under Group health, provident and accident insurance plans.
Executive Board members also benefit from the defined contribution pension plan open to all employees of the Company, subject to the same contribution conditions, as well as the incentive and profit-sharing agreements in force within the Company, like all Company employees in France.
Sign-on bonus
Where an executive is appointed from outside the Group, the Supervisory Board, at the recommendation of the CAG Committee, may decide to grant a sign-on bonus in accordance with the recommendations of the AFEP-MEDEF Code, in order to compensate for any revenue that the new executive may have waived on leaving his or her former employer.
Non-compete compensation
The Supervisory Board may decide to include a twelve-month non-compete obligation for Executive Board members applicable should an executive resign before the end of his or her term of office.
If implemented, this non-compete obligation would result in the payment of gross monthly compensatory benefits equal to 50% of the average monthly compensation over the 12 months preceding the termination of the term of office and, where applicable, the individual’s employment contract.
In the event of payment of a termination benefit, the combined total of the non-compete allowance and the termination benefit must not exceed the combined total of the fixed and variable compensation paid during the two years preceding departure.
Since the Supervisory Board’s decision of March 7, 2019, non-compete compensation is no longer paid when an executive leaves the Company to claim his/her pension rights or the executive is over 65 years old, in accordance with new regulations and the AFEP-MEDEF Code.
Termination benefits
- ▰forced termination of duties;
- ▰forced departure before expiry of the term of office. This situation covers any resignation in the six months following a change in control or strategy of the Company;
- ▰dismissal, except in the case of gross or willful misconduct.
The non-renewal of the term of office of Executive Board members, including the Chairman of the Executive Board, is not one of the cases expressly conferring entitlement to termination benefits, the Supervisory Board restricting the scope to the concept of forced termination.
Since a decision of the Supervisory Board on March 7, 2023, termination benefits now represent eighteen (18) months total annual compensation (fixed and variable) based on compensation paid in respect of the last 12 months for all Executive Board members.
For each Executive Board member, payment of termination benefits is subject to a performance condition assessed by comparing the change in Eurazeo’s share price (dividends reinvested) with that of the LPX-TR Europe index, between the last date of appointment and the expiry of the term of office:
- ▰if Eurazeo’s share price (dividends reinvested) achieves 100% or more of the performance of the LPX-TR Europe index, the Executive Board member shall receive full termination benefits;
- ▰if Eurazeo’s share price (dividends reinvested) achieves 50% of the performance of the LPX-TR Europe index, the Executive Board member shall receive two-thirds of termination benefits;
- ▰between these limits, the termination benefits due to the Executive Board member shall be calculated on a proportional basis;
- ▰if Eurazeo’s share price (dividends reinvested) achieves less than 50% of the performance of the LPX-TR Europe index, the Executive Board member shall receive no termination benefits.
Payment shall also not be made if the individual leaves the Company at their own initiative to take up another position, if they change their position within the Group or if they are eligible for a pension within one month of the departure date. Compensation equal to half this amount will be payable if they are eligible for a pension within one to six months of the departure date. In all events, whatever the departure date, the termination benefits received may not exceed the compensation that would have been received for the remaining months to retirement. Finally, when the corporate officer also holds an employment contract with the Company, termination benefits will include and may not be less than any compensation due pursuant to law or the collective agreement.
Members of the Executive Board can be bound to the Company by a permanent employment contract, whose termination conditions (including the notice period) comply with applicable regulations and collective agreements. Where necessary, the employment contract is suspended under the conditions set forth in the AFEP-MEDEF Code.
Departure of an executive
In the event of the departure of an executive, the above components of the compensation policy are impacted as follows:
Compensation component
Rule applicable
Fixed compensation
Paid on a time-apportioned basis
Variable compensation
Calculated on a time-apportioned basis and subject to approval by the Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting approving the financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2026 of the components of compensation paid or awarded to the executive in question for the year.
Long-term compensation
No long-term compensation is granted on departure.
Where share purchase option or performance share grant plans are in the course of vesting, unvested rights will be lost in the absence of a decision to the contrary by the competent bodies lifting the obligation of presence for some or all of the securities not yet vested, as indicated above.
The Supervisory Board may decide that (i) unvested rights will be maintained at maximum on a time-apportioned basis or, (ii) in exceptional circumstances and following a reasoned, special decision taken in the corporate interest, all or part of the unvested rights will be maintained.
Exceptionally, in the case of retirement, all unvested rights will be maintained.
Termination benefits
The Supervisory Board verifies the satisfaction of the application conditions and the performance conditions for the payment of termination benefits.
Non-compete compensation
In the case of resignation, the Supervisory Board may apply a non-compete obligation to Executive Board members.
5.8.1.4Summary of components of compensation of Executive Board members
The Executive Board has three members: William Kadouch-Chassaing and Christophe Bavière, Chairman of the Executive Board and Chief Executive Officer, respectively, and Sophie Flak. The duties of Chairman of the Executive Board and Chief Executive Officer are rotated annually.
In accordance with Article 23 of the AFEP-MEDEF Code, and at the recommendation of the CAG Committee, the Supervisory Board favored the suspension of the employment contracts held by Christophe Bavière and William Kadouch-Chassaing with Eurazeo or a Group company. Christophe Bavière and William Kadouch-Chassaing held an employment contract with Eurazeo Investment Manager (formerly Idinvest Partners) and Eurazeo, respectively.
The Supervisory Board meeting of March 10, 2026, at the recommendation of the CAG Committee, set their compensation components in line with the compensation policy.
Components of compensation in accordance with the 2026 (1) compensation policy
Fixed compensation
Variable compensation
Long-term compen-
sation (2)Employment contract
Supplementary pension plan
Compensation or benefits due or potentially due because of leaving or changing office
Special allowance relative to a non-compete clause
Target
Maximum
Executive corporate officer
William Kadouch-Chassaing
co-CEO
Chairman of the Executive Board
€800,000
100%
150%
12 months
Suspended
-
A
A
Christophe Bavière
co-CEO
Chief Executive Officer
€800,000
100%
150%
12 months
Suspended
-
A
A
Sophie Flak
Member of the Executive Board
€450,000
100%
150%
9 months
Maintained
-
A
A
- (1)See Section 5.8.1.3 of this Universal Registration Document.
- (2)Long-term compensation is expressed in equivalent number of months of target short-term fixed and variable compensation.
-
5.9Regulated agreements
The Supervisory Board has authorized the regulated agreements set out in Article L. 225-86 of the French Commercial Code, with companies with executives in common entered into during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, and reviewed the agreements and commitments already approved by the Shareholders’ Meeting.
The Statutory Auditors’ Special Report, which includes all agreements and commitments in progress, can be found in Chapter 8, Section 8.6 of the 2025 Universal Registration Document.
5.9.1Agreements subject to approval by the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 6, 2026
AUTHORIZATION OF THE LIGHTQUEST CO-INVESTMENT PLAN
The Supervisory Board authorized the following agreement, in view of the investments of Executive Board members:
- ▰the Supervisory Board meeting of June 19, 2025 authorized, at the recommendation of the CAG Committee and in accordance with the provisions of Article 5 of the Internal Rules, the proposed allocations to Executive Board members and the contractual documentation, as part of the implementation of the LightQuest co-investment plan;
- ▰this primarily concerns the contractual documents to be entered into with members of the Executive Board and members of the investment team structuring their respective investments in funds open to third-party investors;
- ▰these investments by members of the Executive Board and the investment teams will be performed in accordance with the fund rules. Carried interest shares issued by these funds vest progressively to members of the Executive Board and the investment teams. In accordance with market practice and prevailing regulations, the members of the Executive Board and the investment teams hold a separate class of shares conferring different rights (compared to ordinary shares) to capital gains. For several years now, Eurazeo has allowed members of its Executive Board and the investment team to invest alongside third-party investors in funds managed by the Eurazeo group. It is specified that investment in the funds by members of the Executive Board and members of the investment team carries a risk that all or part of the investment will be lost;
- ▰the maximum total amount of the LightQuest fund is €222 million. The maximum total amount invested by members of the Executive Board and the investment team in this fund is €2,220,000, including €66,600 for members of the Executive Board;
- ▰this plan is described in Section 5.14 of the 2025 Universal Registration Document.
AUTHORIZATION OF A NEW SHAREHOLDERS AGREEMENT
The Supervisory Board authorized the following agreement, in view of the involvement of a major shareholder:
- ▰At its meeting on March 10, 2026, the Supervisory Board authorized Eurazeo to enter into an agreement to act in concert with Béatrice Stern, Natalie Merveilleux du Vignaux, Agathe Mordacq, Cécile David‑Weill and her children, and Quatre Sœurs LLC and Palmes CPM SA (the “Parties”), which together hold more than 10% of Eurazeo’s share capital and voting rights (the “2026 David‑Weill Agreement”). The agreement notably governs certain governance (voting) arrangements and transfer mechanisms (price/terms and procedures), and sets thresholds and reference price ranges for notifications and transfers;
- ▰The David-Weill 2026 Agreement primarily provides for (i) a consultation commitment ahead of each shareholders’ meeting so that the voting rights attached to the securities held by the Parties are exercised in a coordinated manner, (ii) a cap on acquisitions, including a prior‑information obligation (five trading days’ notice) in the event of an increase in holdings and an undertaking not to cause the concert to cross the 30% threshold of the share capital and/or voting rights; and (iii) provisions governing the transfer of securities (right of first refusal in favor of the other Parties, with an alternative tag-along right, and, where applicable, a right of first negotiation in favor of Eurazeo). The 2026 David-Weill Agreement is entered into for a period of four years commencing April 6, 2026, with the possibility of early termination under certain conditions. It will replace the agreement entered into on December 12, 2022 between the same Parties on its expiry on April 6, 2026 (Decision and Information no. 226C0297). The parties to the 2022 David‑Weill Agreement (Decision and Information no. 222C2674) notified Eurazeo on December 16, 2025 of their decision not to tacitly renew the 2022 David‑Weill Agreement on its expiry;
- ▰The conclusion of the 2026 David‑Weill Agreement reaffirms the Company’s family shareholding base and confirms the David‑Weill family’s continued commitment to Eurazeo, supporting the stability of its shareholding structure. This new agreement is in line with the 2022 agreement, while introducing adjustments to modernize its operation and facilitate the management of shares by the Parties;
- ▰Detailed information on this agreement is presented in Chapter 7.1.2 of the 2025 Universal Registration Document.
-
5.10Standard agreements
In accordance with legal and regulatory provisions, the Supervisory Board adopted an internal charter on regulated and free agreements (standard agreements) (the “Charter”).
This Charter was approved on March 11, 2020 and revised by the Supervisory Board on December 5, 2023 and has two objectives:
- ▰formalize the classification of agreements to be submitted to the related-party agreements procedure, setting them apart from standard transactions entered into under normal conditions;
- ▰implement within the Company, in accordance with the Pact Law (Loi Pacte), procedures enabling the regular assessment of agreements for standard transactions entered into under normal conditions.
This Charter may be consulted on the Company’s website at https://www.eurazeo.com/fr/newsroom/politiques.
In accordance with this Charter, the Company has implemented an annual review procedure for agreements entered into under normal conditions, which includes in particular:
- ▰a review of criteria for determining standard agreements entered into under normal conditions;
- ▰identifying interested parties within the meaning of the law based, in particular, on a review at the reporting date (Annual Statement of corporate offices and closely connected persons, Annual Statement of indirect interests and identification of related parties for transactions entered into during the year);
- ▰an analysis of normal financial conditions.
The opinion of the joint Statutory Auditors may be sought where there is doubt as to the classification of an agreement assessed.
The Legal Department, in conjunction with the Finance Department, reviews at least once annually the application of this Charter based on a summary statement of standard agreements prepared by the Legal Department.
-
5.11Table of unexpired delegations
The table below sets out the unexpired delegations of authority approved by the Shareholders’ Meetings of May 7, 2024 and May 7, 2025:
Date of Shareholders’ Meeting (Resolution no.)
Nature of the authorization
Duration and expiry date
Authorized amount
(par value amount
or % of share capital)Use in 2025 (in shares)
% of the share capital (2)
05/07/2025
(15th resolution)
Authorization of a share buyback program by the Company for its own shares (maximum authorized purchase price: €150) within the limit of 10% of share capital. (1)
18 months
(November 6, 2026)
10% of share capital
6,032,547
8.72%
05/07/2025
(18th resolution)
Authorization to decrease the share capital by canceling shares purchased under share buyback programs.
26 months
(July 6, 2027)
10% of share capital
3,920,000
5.66%
05/07/2024
(22nd resolution)
Delegation of authority to the Executive Board to increase share capital by capitalizing reserves, profits or share, merger or contribution premiums. (1)
26 months
(July 6, 2026)
€2,000,000, 000
-
-
05/07/2024
(23rd resolution)
Delegation of authority to the Executive Board to issue shares and/or securities granting access, immediately or in the future, to share capital, with retention of preferential subscription rights (can be used outside takeover bid periods). (1)
26 months
(July 6, 2026)
€115,000,000
-
-
05/07/2024
(24th resolution)
Delegation of authority to the Executive Board to issue shares and/or securities granting access, immediately or in the future, to share capital, with cancellation of preferential subscription rights, by way of a public offering other than an offering referred to in Article L. 411-2 Section 1 of the French Monetary and Financial Code or in connection with a takeover bid comprising a share exchange offer (can be used outside takeover bid periods). (1)
26 months
(July 6, 2026)
€23,000,000
-
-
05/07/2024
(25th resolution)
Delegation of authority to the Executive Board to issue shares and/or securities granting access, immediately or in the future, to share capital, with cancellation of preferential subscription rights by way of a public offering referred to in Article L. 411-2 Section 1 of the French Monetary and Financial Code (can be used outside takeover bid periods). (1)
26 months
(July 6, 2026)
10% of share capital
-
-
05/07/2024
(26th resolution)
Authorization to the Executive Board to set the issue price in the event of the issue of shares and/or securities granting access, immediately or in the future, to share capital, without preferential subscription rights, representing up to 10% of the share capital. (3)
26 months
(July 6, 2026)
10% of share capital
-
-
05/07/2024
(27th resolution)
Authorization to the Executive Board to increase the number of shares, securities or other instruments to be issued in the event of over-subscription. (1)
26 months
(July 6, 2026)
15% of the initial issue
-
-
05/07/2024
(28th resolution)
Delegation of powers to the Executive Board to issue shares and/or securities granting access, immediately or in the future, to share capital, with cancellation of preferential subscription rights, in consideration for contributions in kind granted to the Company (can be used outside takeover bid periods). (1)
26 months
(July 6, 2026)
10% of share capital
–
-
05/07/2025
(20th resolution)
Delegation of authority to issue ordinary shares and/or securities granting access to share capital reserved for members of a company savings plan (plan d’epargne entreprise), with cancellation of preferential subscription rights in their favor. (1)
26 months
(July 6, 2027)
€2,000,000
-
-
05/07/2025
(19th resolution)
Authorization to the Executive Board to grant free shares to employees and corporate officers of the Company and/or its affiliates.
38 months
(July 6, 2028)
3% of share capital
-
-
- (1)Renewal presented to the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 6, 2026.
- (2)Prior to adjustment and as a percentage of share capital as of December 31, 2025.
- (3)Following the enactment of Law no. 2024‑537 of June 13, 2024 (the “Attractiveness Law”), which eliminated the statutory minimum issue price, the specific resolution relating to the setting of the issue price is no longer required. The authority to set the price will now be incorporated directly into resolutions 21 and 22 (issues with cancelation of preferential subscription rights) submitted for approval to the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 6, 2026.
-
5.12Procedures regarding the participation of shareholders at Shareholders’ Meetings
Pursuant to legal provisions, the procedures regarding the participation of shareholders at Shareholders’ Meetings are set forth in the Bylaws and are available on the Company’s website.
Notice of Shareholders’ Meeting
-
5.13Interests held by members of the Supervisory and Executive Boards in the Company’s share capital and transactions in the Company’s shares by these members
5.13.1Interests held by memberS of the Supervisory and Executive Boards in the Company’s share capital as of December 31, 2025
Name
Total shares**
% of share capital
Total voting rights
% theoretical voting rights***
Supervisory Board members and non-voting members*
Mr. Jean-Charles Decaux, Chairman
826
0.0012%
1,652
0.0017%
Mr. Olivier Merveilleux du Vignaux, Vice-Chairman
864
0.0012%
1,728
0.0017%
JCDecaux Holding SAS, represented by Mr. Emmanuel Russel
14,943,187
21.6049%
28,745,115
28.7645%
Ms. Isabelle Ealet
250
0.0004%
250
0.0003%
Ms. Cathia Lawson-Hall
250
0.0004%
250
0.0003%
Ms. Mathilde Lemoine
250
0.0004%
250
0.0003%
Ms. Françoise Mercadal-Delasalles
787
0.0011%
1,089
0.0011%
Mr. Serge Schoen
750
0.0011%
1,500
0.0015%
Mr. Louis Stern
750
0.0011%
750
0.0008%
Mr. Stéphane Bostyn, employee representative
11,286
0.0163%
16,601
0.0166%
Ms. Julie Croquin, employee representative
2,433
0.0035%
4,496
0.0045%
Sub-total
14,961,633
21.6316%
28,773,681
28.7931%
Mr. Jean-Pierre Richardson, non-voting member
1,686
0.0024%
3,372
0.0034%
TOTAL
14,963,319
21.6340%
28,777,053
28.7965%
Executive Board members
Mr.Christophe Bavière(1)
180,912
0.2616%
340,091
0.3403%
Mr. William Kadouch-Chassaing
21,603
0.0312%
21,603
0.0216%
Ms. Sophie Flak
19,353
0.0280%
27,748
0.0278%
Total
221,868
0.3208%
389,442
0.3897%
- * Shares held in a personal capacity.
** Shares held as of December 31, 2025.
*** Based on the total number of shares, including shares stripped of voting rights in accordance with Article L. 233-8-II of the French Commercial Code.
- (1)Including 9,380 shares held by persons closely connected as referred to in Article 3.26 of Regulation (EU) no. 596/2014 of April 16, 2014 on market abuse.
-
5.14Participation of Eurazeo teams in Group investments
In line with standard investment fund practices in French and international markets, Eurazeo has set-up “co-investment” plans for the members of the Executive Board and investment teams (the “Beneficiaries”). These co-investment plans validated by the Supervisory Board enable Beneficiaries to invest personally in the assets in which the Group invests, either directly or through companies connecting them. The Beneficiaries are therefore exposed to the risks and may share in the profits associated with these investments in relation to their own assets. These plans seek to allow the management teams to share in investment performance and to align their interests with those of third-party investors and Eurazeo SE (which invests through its balance sheet).
Executive Board members invest in most plans due to their transversal involvement, in lower proportions than managers of the relevant investment teams.
- ▰co-investment plans structured though variable capital companies: CarryCo Croissance, CarryCo Capital 1, CarryCo Croissance 2, CarryCo Patrimoine, CarryCo Capital 2, CarryCo Brands, CarryCo Patrimoine 2, CarryCo Croissance 3 and CarryCo Pluto (the “CarryCo companies”), as well as Eurazeo Patrimoine 3; and
- ▰co-investment plans structured through funds open to third-party investors (“Limited Partners”) managed by Eurazeo Global Investor (EGI), Eurazeo Funds Management Luxembourg and Eurazeo Infrastructure Partners, Eurazeo SE subsidiary management companies (the “Funds”).
5.14.1Co-investment plans structured though CarryCo companies
5.14.1.1Co-investment plan structure
Since 2012, co-investment plans carried exclusively by Company equity have been structured through CarryCo companies grouping together Eurazeo SE (95% of the share capital) and Beneficiaries (1) (together holding 5% of the share capital). These “CarryCo” companies participate in each investment performed by Eurazeo in the amount of 10%. This percentage was increased to 12% from June 2017 for the CarryCo Capital 2, CarryCo Brands, CarryCo Patrimoine 2, CarryCo Croissance 3 and CarryCo Pluto plans. For investments performed since 2014, the plan includes a component calculated on a deal-by-deal basis.
Co-investment by Beneficiaries comes after the investment has been performed and may be lost in full if Eurazeo SE does not recover its invested funds. It is noted that Eurazeo SE does not grant financing to Beneficiaries of the CarryCo plans.
Three historical plans have been liquidated: (i) the plan covering investments performed during the period 2003-2004, which was liquidated in 2007 (see the 2007 Registration Document), (ii) the plan covering investments performed during the period 2005-2008 which did not attain the 6% hurdle reserved for Eurazeo SE leading to the loss of amounts invested by the Beneficiaries and (iii) the plan covering investments performed during the period 2009-2011, which was liquidated late 2016/early 2017 (see the 2016 Registration Document).
5.14.1.2Common rules
- (i)The plans are authorized by strategy and for a given period;
- (ii)Eurazeo SE and the Beneficiaries are grouped together in a joint stock company with variable share capital, which invests 10% or 12% in each investment performed by Eurazeo SE depending on the plan. The variable share capital of this company comprises three classes of preference share: class A preference shares (the“A Preference Shares”), class B preference shares (the “B Preference Shares”) and class C preference shares (the “C Preference Shares”). The initial share capital consists of A Preference Shares. B Preference Shares represent 95% of amounts invested and may, if the conditions defined in points (iii) and (v) below are not satisfied, receive rights to capital gains. The A and B Preference Shares are held exclusively by Eurazeo SE. C Preference Shares are held by Beneficiaries and represent 5% of amounts invested and are entitled to 100% of the capital gain if the conditions defined in points (iii) and (v) are satisfied;
- (iii)The minimum preferential return guaranteed to Eurazeo (the “hurdle”) is 6% per annum and 8% per annum for the CarryCo Pluto plan;
- (iv)All plans include a pooled component (the theoretical rights 2). With the exception of the CarryCo Croissance and CarryCo Pluto plans, the other plans also include a component calculated on an individual investment basis (the theoretical rights 1) equal to 50% of the amount invested;
- (v)Beneficiaries acquire their rights progressively (“vesting”) over several years for the pooled component. Should a Beneficiary leave the Company, Eurazeo SE can buy back all the C Preference Shares held. The Beneficiary retains vested theoretical rights 1 and 2. An earn-out may be paid at the liquidation date based on the net asset value of rights retained at this date;
- (vi)Net assets are distributed as follows (“waterfall”): repayment of the par value of A Preference Shares – return reserved for A Preference Shares – repayment of the par value of B Preference Shares – repayment of the par value of C Preference Shares – recognition of the hurdle – allocation of the capital gain according to theoretical rights 1 and 2 attached to Preference Shares;
- (vii)Beneficiaries hold a put option ensuring the liquidity of the plan over a 2 year period from the 8th anniversary of the plan. After this period, Eurazeo SE holds a call option that may be exercised up to expiry of the CarryCo company. These mechanisms do not apply to the CarryCo Pluto plan and are not included in any Group co-investment plans since 2021;
- (viii) Each Beneficiary holds a put option covering all their C Preference Shares, which may be exercised during a 90-day period following a change in control of Eurazeo SE. A change in control of Eurazeo is defined as (i) the acquisition of control of Eurazeo by one or more third parties acting alone or in concert, or (ii) the dismissal by one or more third parties acting alone or in concert of more than half the members of Eurazeo’s Supervisory Board at the Company’s Shareholders’ Meeting. Current Executive Board members do not benefit from these clauses or waived them with effect from February 5, 2023. Patrick Sayer, Philippe Audouin, Virginie Morgon, Marc Frappier and Nicolas Huet, former members of the Executive Board, do not benefit from these clauses or have waived them for any change in control announced after February 5, 2024.
5.14.1.3Eurazeo Patrimoine 3 Plan
This co-investment plan is structured through Eurazeo Patrimoine 3, a simplified joint stock company with variable share capital classified as an alternative investment fund (“Other AIF” category), managed by the management company, Eurazeo Funds Management Luxembourg. The maximum amount of the plan was €500 million at the date of authorization by the Supervisory Board on November 29, 2021. The contractual documents signed with the Beneficiaries structure their investment in the fund. The Beneficiaries have undertaken to invest €3,583,151 (excluding carried interest shares held by Eurazeo SE), including €29,860 for the Executive Board in its composition as of December 31, 2025, that is Christophe Bavière.
- (i)The plan is authorized for the Eurazeo SE strategy and Eurazeo Real Estate Luxembourg Sàrl (“EREL”) dedicated to real estate and for a given period;
- (ii)The plan only includes a pooled base;
- (iii)Eurazeo SE, EREL and the Beneficiaries are grouped together in a joint stock company with variable share capital, which invests 100% in each investment in the plan. The variable share capital of this company comprises two classes of preference share: class A preference shares (the “A Preference Shares”) held by Eurazeo SE and EREL and class C preference shares (the “C Preference Shares”), which are the carried interest shares held by the Beneficiaries;
- (iv)Beneficiaries rights vesting progressively (“vesting”) over 5 years;
- (v)Beneficiaries invest 0.6% of the plan and are entitled to 12% of the realized capital gains;
- (vi)The minimum preferential return guaranteed to Eurazeo SE and EREL (the “hurdle”) is 6% per annum;
- (vii)Net assets are distributed (the “waterfall”) as follows: repayment of the par value of A Preference Shares, repayment of the par value of C Preference Shares, payment of the hurdle, 88/12 split of capital gains;
- (viii) Beneficiaries hold a put option ensuring the liquidity of the plan over a two year period from the 8th anniversary of the plan. After this period, Eurazeo SE holds a call option that may be exercised up to expiry of the Company;
- (ix)Each Beneficiary holds a put option covering all their C Preference Shares, which may be exercised during a 90-day period following a change in control of Eurazeo SE. A change in control of Eurazeo is defined as (i) the acquisition of control of Eurazeo by one or more third parties acting alone or in concert, or (ii) the dismissal by one or more third parties acting alone or in concert of more than half the members of Eurazeo’s Supervisory Board at the Company’s Shareholders’ Meeting.
5.14.1.4Amounts invested or to be invested by members of the Executive Board as of December 31, 2025
The Beneficiaries have undertaken to invest €30.69 million in the CarryCo and Eurazeo Patrimoine 3 plans, including €292 thousand for the Executive Board in its composition as of December 31, 2025.
Amounts committed (in euros) (1)
CarryCo Croissance
CarryCo Capital 1
CarryCo Crois-
sance 2CarryCo Patri-
moineCarryCo Capital 2
CarryCo Brands
CarryCo Patri-
moine 2CarryCo Crois-
sance 3CarryCo Patri-
moine 3CarryCo Pluto
Total
2012-2013
2014-2017
2015-2018
2015-2018
2017-2021
2018-2021
2018-2021
2019-2021
2020-2025
2022-2025
Amount (2)
-
-
285
-
2,500
800 (3)
600
280
500
1,020
-
W. Kadouch-Chassaing
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
60,000
60,000
C. Bavière
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
29,860
37,500
67,360
S. Flak
-
18,041
-
-
69,109
60,000
-
-
-
18,000
165,150
Sub-total
-
18,041
-
-
69,109
60,000
-
-
29,860
115,500
292,510
Other beneficiaries
350,000
3,590,209
1,425,000
459,940
11,180,891
3,840,000
1,433,151
1,680,000
3,553,291
2,884,500
30,396,982
Total
350,000
3,608,250
1,425,000
459,940
11,250,000
3,900,000
1,433,151
1,680,000
3,583,151
3,000,000
30,689,492
- (1)Amounts committed as of December 31, 2025.
- (2)Maximum plan amount in millions of euros at the date of the Supervisory Board authorization.
- (3)Maximum plan amount in millions of US dollars at the date of the Supervisory Board authorization.
The final value of C Preference Shares for the CarryCo Capital 2, CarryCo Brands, CarryCo Croissance 3, CarryCo Pluto and Eurazeo Patrimoine 3 plans cannot currently be estimated, as the relevant investments have only been held for a short period of time and the future crossing of the hurdle is uncertain. The value of C Preference Shares for the CarryCo Patrimoine, CarryCo Patrimoine 2 and CarryCo Capital 1 plans as of December 31, 2025 is presented below. In January 2026, Eurazeo SE exercised its call option covering all C Preference Shares in the CarryCo Croissance plan not held, for a symbolic amount of €1 per share.
-
6.1Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2025
6.1.1Consolidated statement of financial position
Asset
(In thousands of euros)
Note
12/31/2025
12/31/2024
Goodwill
7.1
255,451
280,574
Intangible assets
7.2
23,264
43,449
Property, plant and equipment
7.3
18,610
23,869
Right-of-use assets
7.4
64,424
75,992
Non-current investment portfolio
8
6,821,248
7,876,176
Non-current financial assets
10
633,289
708,569
Other non-current assets
5.7.1
2,861
2,898
Deferred tax assets
13.3
17,736
7,790
Total non-current assets
7,836,884
9,019,318
Trade and other receivables
5.5
191,637
242,176
Current tax assets
8,178
11,124
Other current assets
5.7.2
24,979
19,584
Current financial assets
10
5,021
33,373
Other current financial assets
11,682
930
Other short-term deposits
11.1
5
9
Cash and cash equivalents
11.1
109,772
90,393
Total current assets
351,274
397,588
Total assets
8,188,158
9,416,906
Equity and liabilities
(In thousands of euros)
Note
12/31/2025
12/31/2024
Issued capital
210,956
232,050
Share premium
167,548
167,548
Consolidated reserves
6,274,196
7,288,694
Net income (loss) attributable to owners of the Company
(403,495)
(429,785)
Equity attributable to owners of the Company
6,249,205
7,258,506
Non-controlling interests
242,975
288,171
Equity
14.1
6,492,180
7,546,677
Provisions
12
555
7,897
Employee benefit liabilities
6.2 & 12
3,842
4,163
Long-term borrowings
11.1
199,299
198,453
Long-term lease liability
11.1 & 11.2
69,697
77,876
Deferred tax liabilities
13.3
38,494
32,114
Other non-current liabilities
5.7.1
10,759
422
Total non-current liabilities
322,647
320,925
Current provisions
12
245
10,895
Current income tax payable
1,588
2,135
Trade and other payables
5.6
82,590
86,862
Other liabilities
5.7.2
295,630
292,207
Short-term lease liability
11.1 & 11.2
9,889
5,586
Other financial liabilities
11,203
27
Bank overdrafts and current portion of long-term borrowings
11.1
972,187
1,151,592
Total current liabilities
1,373,333
1,549,304
Total equity and liabilities
8,188,158
9,416,906
-
6.2Company financial statements
6.2.1Balance sheet
Assets
(In thousands of euros)
Note
12/31/2025
12/31/2024
Gross
Deprec., amort. and impairment
Net
Net
Intangible assets
1
5,595
2,490
3,104
2,861
Other intangible assets
3,918
2,490
1,428
1,913
Intangible assets under construction, advances and deposits
1,677
-
1,677
948
Property, plant and equipment
1
16,592
3,185
13,407
15,300
Installations, equipment and industrial plant
16,592
3,185
13,407
15,171
Property, plant and equipment under construction, advances and deposits
-
-
-
129
Financial assets (1)
1
8,632,772
1,150,212
7,482,560
7,988,810
Investments
6,971,397
1,103,794
5,867,603
4,967,217
Receivables from investments
2
82,395
7,393
75,002
99,424
Portfolio securities (TIAP)
280,548
20,760
259,787
260,856
Other securities holdings
1,298,353
18,265
1,280,088
2,659,805
Loans
2
9
-
9
9
Other financial assets
71
-
71
1,499
TOTAL NON-CURRENT ASSETS (1)
8,654,959
1,155,888
7,499,071
8,006,971
Receivables (2)
2
85,094
877
84,217
86,477
Trade receivables and related accounts
62,261
877
61,383
64,308
Other receivables
17,583
-
17,583
18,626
Prepaid expenses
5,250
-
5,250
3,543
Marketable securities
3
118,036
17,627
100,409
158,403
Treasury shares
106,074
17,627
88,447
141,558
Other securities
3,159
-
3,159
7,772
Cash and cash equivalents
8,803
-
8,803
9,072
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS
203,130
18,505
184,625
244,879
Unrealized foreign exchange losses and valuation differences
2
1,466
-
1,466
-
Total assets
8,859,555
1,174,393
7,685,162
8,251,850
- (1)Of which due in less than one year.
- (2)Of which due in less than one year.
7,191
73,221
17,175
10,797
Equity and liabilities
(In thousands of euros)
Note
12/31/2025
Before appropriation
12/31/2024
Before appropriation
Share capital (including paid-up: 210,956)
210,956
232,050
Share, merger and contribution premiums
167,548
167,548
Reserves
4,300,852
5,067,570
Legal reserve
14,032
16,142
Legal reserve on net long-term capital gains
7,063
7,063
Regulated reserves on net long-term capital gains
1,436,172
1,436,172
Other reserves
2,458,339
2,897,001
Retained earnings
385,246
711,191
Net income (loss) for the year
45,483
(137,363)
Tax-driven provisions
3,764
3,532
TOTAL EQUITY
4
4,728,602
5,333,337
Provisions for contingencies
17,917
38,683
Provisions for losses
-
10,895
TOTAL PROVISIONS
5
17,917
49,578
Long-term bank borrowings
972,185
1,145,708
Trade payables and related accounts
31,597
31,146
Taxes and employee benefits payable
26,932
16,669
Liabilities on non-current assets and related accounts
1,261,135
1,042,281
Other liabilities
646,794
630,832
TOTAL LIABILITIES (1)
6
2,938,643
2,866,636
Unrealized foreign exchange gains and valuation differences
2,299
Total equity and liabilities
7,685,162
8,251,850
- (1)Of which due in less than one year.
630,070
428,234
Income statement
(In thousands of euros)
Note
01/2025
12/2025
01/2024
12/2024
Operating income
Production sold
7
43,432
35,285
Net revenue
43,432
35,285
Reversals of depreciation, amortization, impairment and provisions
10,915
9,673
Proceeds from the sale of intangible assets and property, plant and equipment
57
0
Other income
384
216
Total operating income
54,789
45,174
Operating expenses
Other purchases and expenses
(51,890)
(48,974)
Taxes and levies
(8,909)
(6,202)
Wages and salaries
(34,093)
(25,701)
Social security contributions
(14,744)
(11,002)
Charges to depreciation, amortization and impairment:
On non-current assets: depreciation and amortization
(2,825)
(1,952)
On current assets: impairment
(877)
Charges to provisions
(500)
(10,786)
Net carrying amount of intangible assets and property, plant and equipment sold
(58)
0
Other expenses
(1,295)
(8,194)
Total operating expenses
(114,315)
(113,689)
NET OPERATING INCOME (LOSS)
(59,526)
(68,515)
Financial income
From investments (1)
8
391,239
337,386
From other securities and long-term receivables (1)
14,715
19,068
Other interest and similar income (1)
488
565
Reversals of impairment and provisions
10
460,726
16,711
Foreign exchange gains
456
453
Proceeds from the sale of financial assets
9
635,350
144,668
Net proceeds from sales of marketable securities and treasury instruments
340
399
Capital gain on treasury shares
5,349
Total financial income
1,508,663
519,249
Financial expenses
Charges to amortization, impairment and provisions
10
(507,465)
(384,660)
Interest and similar expenses (2)
(57,614)
(62,831)
Foreign exchange losses
(2,290)
(127)
Net carrying amount of financial assets sold
9
(856,072)
(154,674)
Financial asset disposal costs
(3,198)
(64)
Capital loss on treasury shares
(16,556)
0
Total financial expenses
(1,443,195)
(602,357)
NET FINANCIAL INCOME (EXPENSE)
65,468
(83,108)
NET INCOME (LOSS) FROM ORDINARY ACTIVITIES BEFORE TAX
5,942
(151,622)
Exceptional income
52,299
Exceptional expenses
(231)
(38,072)
NET EXCEPTIONAL ITEMS
14
(231)
14,227
Income tax expense
15
39,772
32
TOTAL INCOME
1,603,224
616,755
TOTAL EXPENSES
(1,557,794)
(754,117)
Net income (loss) for the year
45,483
(137,363)
- (1)Of which income from related entities
- (2)Of which Interest charged by related entities
391,239
(15,522)
337,386
(19,853)
-
6.3Additional information
6.3.1Customer and supplier settlement periods
As part of its supplier payment process, Eurazeo strives to meet short settlement terms, and stresses the importance of this among its staff.
Moreover, in compliance with the new provisions adopted by decree in November 2015, Eurazeo has implemented the tools necessary to report more robust information on payment terms.
Article D. 441-6: Invoices received, not settled at the year end and past due
0 days (for information)
1 to 30 days
31 to 60 days
61 to 90 days
91 days
or moreTOTAL
(1 day
or more)(A) Period past due
Number of invoices concerned
6
103
Total invoice amount concerned (incl. VAT)
€89,066
€463,824
€320,086
€147,672
€353,782
€1,285,364
As a percentage of total purchases of the fiscal year (incl. VAT)
0.14%
0.75%
0.52%
0.24%
0.57%
2.08%
(B) Invoices not included in (a) relating to receivables and payables in dispute or not recognized in the accounts
Number of invoices excluded
4
Total invoice amount excluded (incl. VAT)
€111,918
(C) Reference payment periods applied (contractual or statutory period – Article L. 441-6 or Article L. 443-1 of the French Commercial Code)
Payment periods applied to determine late payment
Contractual payment periods indicated in the invoices received. In the absence of any indication, 30 days after the invoice date.
Inter-company invoices excluded – settled outside the payment circuit (3 invoices – impact of €7,112.16)
Article D. 441-6: Invoices issued, not settled at the year end and past due
0 days (for information)
1 to 30 days
31 to 60 days
61 to 90 days
91 days
or moreTOTAL
(1 day
or more)(A) Period past due
Number of invoices concerned
-
23
Total invoice amount concerned (incl. VAT)
-
-
€39,158
-
€1,999,336
€2,038,494
As a percentage of total revenue of the fiscal year (incl. VAT)
-
-
0.08%
-
4.13%
4.21%
(B) Invoices not included in (a) relating to receivables and payables in dispute or not recognized in the accounts
Number of invoices excluded
10
Total invoice amount excluded (incl. VAT)
€877,496
(C) Reference payment periods applied (contractual or statutory period – Article L. 441-6 or Article L. 443-1 of the French Commercial Code)
Payment periods applied to determine late payment
Contractual period – Payment within 60 days (indicated on invoices issued)
-
6.4Five-year financial summary
(Article R. 225-102 of the French Commercial Code)(In euros)
01/01/2025
12/31/2025
01/01/2024
12/31/2024
01/01/2023
12/31/2023
01/01/2022
12/31/2022
01/01/2021
12/31/2021
Share capital at year end
Share capital
210,955,278
232,049,727
232,049,727
241,634,825
241,634,825
Number of shares
69,165,760
76,081,874
76,081,874
79,224,529
79,224,529
Transactions and net income for the year
Net revenue, excluding taxes (2)
43,432,021
392,532,729
544,645,075
758,270,289
876,004,305
Earnings before tax, depreciation, amortization, impairment and provisions
47,483,650
191,301,498
331,747,168
503,967,901
371,623,973
Income tax expense
39,772,251
13,893,541
15,999,241
18,940,516
10,663,077
Earnings after tax, depreciation, amortization, impairment and provisions
45,482,845
(137,362,580)
369,540,195
688,091,475
1,005,011,068
Distributed earnings (1)
204,799,041
188,582,967
178,527,929
165,445,423
134,743,513
Earnings per share
Earnings after tax, but before depreciation, amortization, impairment and provisions
1.26
2.70
1.92
6.60
4.83
Earnings after tax, depreciation, amortization, impairment and provisions
2.92
(1.81)
3.26
8.69
12.69
Net dividend per share (in euros) (1)
2.65
2.42
2.20
1.75
Employees
Number of employees as of December 31
84
86
86
94
105
Total payroll
22,903,164
25,069,850
35,001,982
28,063,957
28,689,169
Employee benefits
11,284,984
11,002,409
16,061,167
12,945,144
17,600,268
- (1)Proposed to the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 6, 2026. Including treasury shares for the proposed distribution for the current year.
- (2)Corresponding to ordinary income up to December 31, 2024.
-
7.1Shareholding structure
7.1.1Breakdown of share capital and voting rights
To the best of the Company’s knowledge and based on threshold crossing reports filed with the French Financial Markets Authority (AMF), shareholders owning a stake in Eurazeo’s share capital or voting rights above the legal thresholds as of December 31, 2025 are listed below:
(In percentage)
Share capital
Voting rights
that may be exercised in SMTheoretical voting rights (2)
JCDecaux Holding SAS
21.60%
29.99%
28.76%
2022 David-Weill Agreement (1)
10.57%
15.24%
14.62%
(1) Shareholders’ agreement between Natalie Merveilleux du Vignaux, Béatrice Stern, Agathe Mordacq, Cécile David-Weill and her three children (Pierre Renom de la Baume and Alice and Laure Renom de la Baume), Quatre Sœurs LLC (a company governed by the laws of the State of Delaware) and Palmes CPM SA (a company governed by Belgian law).
(2) (Decision and Information no. 222C2674, hereinafter the “2022 David-Weill Agreement”) – see Section 7.1.2 “Shareholders’ agreements”.
Based on the total number of shares, including shares stripped of voting rights in accordance with Article L. 233-8-II of the French Commercial Code.
In a letter received on February 20, 2025 (Decision and Information no. 225C0358), supplemented by a letter received on February 21, 2025, JCDecaux Holding SAS reported it had exceeded, on February 18, 2025, the Eurazeo 20% share capital threshold. This threshold was crossed following a reduction in the total number of Eurazeo shares and voting rights, following the cancelation of 2,996,114 shares.
In a letter received on October 24, 2025 (Decision and Information no. 225C1801), the 2022 David-Weill Agreement comprising Quatre Sœurs LLC (a company governed by the laws of the State of Delaware), Palmes CPM SA (a company governed by Belgian law), Natalie Merveilleux du Vignaux, Cécile David-Weill, Laure Renom de la Baume, Alice Renom de la Baume, Pierre Renom de la Baume, Béatrice David-Weill Stern and Agathe Mordacq, reported it had exceeded, on October 22, 2025, the Eurazeo 10% share capital threshold. This threshold was crossed following a reduction in the total number of Eurazeo shares and voting rights, following the cancelation of 1,160,000 shares.
Share capital held by companies controlled by Eurazeo and/or by reciprocal investments
Number of shareholders
An identification survey as of December 31, 2025 found that Eurazeo had 25,044 shareholders, including 3,295 registered shareholders and 21,749 identified holders of bearer shares.
As of December 31, 2025, registered shareholders held 55.05% of the share capital (including a portion of the treasury shares held by Eurazeo) and 67.71% of voting rights that may be exercised in Shareholders’ Meeting.
As of December 31, 2025, Eurazeo had a share capital of €210,955,578.27, comprising 69,165,760 fully paid-up ordinary shares of the same par value.
Shares held by employees
Under the Group savings plan introduced on December 31, 1997, Eurazeo employees hold shares in a company mutual fund partially invested in Eurazeo shares. As of December 31, 2025, the Company mutual fund held 339,324 Eurazeo shares (0.49% of the share capital).
As of December 31, 2025, to the best of the Company’s knowledge, Eurazeo group employees and Eurazeo executive corporate officers held directly or indirectly 980,518 Eurazeo shares, representing 1.42% of the share capital (including shares held by the Company mutual fund).
Bearer shares
Pursuant to Article 7 of the Bylaws and under the conditions provided by law and regulations, the Company may at any time ask an institution or broker to disclose the name or company name, nationality and address of individuals or entities holding securities conferring current or future voting rights at the Company’s Shareholders’ Meetings, as well as the number of securities held by each individual or entity and any restrictions on the securities held.
Changes in the shareholding structure and voting rights in the last three fiscal years (shareholders owning over 5% of the share capital or voting rights)
To the best of the Company’s knowledge, no shareholder, other than JCDecaux Holding SAS, and the 2022 David-Weill Agreement, holds more than 5% of the Company’s share capital or voting rights as of December 31, 2025.
As of December 31, 2025, Eurazeo held 4,074,861 treasury shares with a gross carrying amount of €243,642,993.87.
It is recalled that the 2022 David-Weill Agreement, with regard to its parties, replaced the 2018 David-Weill Family Agreement (Decision and Information no. 218C0715) on its expiry on April 6, 2023.
On the signature of the 2022 David-Weill Agreement, (i) the members of the Solages family decided to enter into an agreement together, which took effect on April 6, 2023; and (ii) Alain and Hervé Guyot decided to enter into an agreement together, which took effect on January 1, 2023.
As a result, the members of the de Solages family and Alain and Hervé Guyot, who are not parties to the 2022 David-Weill Agreement, did not continue to act in concert.
To the best of the Company’s knowledge, there were no other substantial changes to its shareholding structure in the past three years.
(In percentage)
December 31, 2025*
Shares
% of share capital
Voting rights
that may be exercised in SM% voting rights
that may be exercised in SM% theoretical voting rights**
Registered shares
38,078,447
55.05%
64,905,763
67.71%
64.95%
Bearer shares
31,087,313
44.95%
30,952,046
32.29%
30.97%
JCDecaux Holding SAS
14,943,187
21.60%
28,745,115
29.99%
28.76%
2022 David-Weill Agreement (1)
7,308,081
10.57%
14,613,217
15.24%
14.62%
Quatre Sœurs LLC
3,113,528
4.50%
6,227,056
6.50%
6.23%
Palmes CPM SA
1,037,839
1.50%
2,075,678
2.17%
2.08%
David-Weill Family
3,156,714
4.57%
6,310,483
6.58%
6.31%
Public
42,839,631
61.94%
56,574,338
54.77%
52.54%
Eurazeo (2)
4,074,861
5.89%
4.08%
Total
69,165,760
100%
95,857,809
100%
100%
* Data based on identifiable bearer shares as of December 31, 2025.
** Based on the total number of shares, including shares stripped of voting rights in accordance with Article L. 233-8-II of the French Commercial Code.
- (1)Decision and Information no. 222C2674 – see Section 7.1.2 “Shareholders’ Agreements”. The parties to the 2022 David-Weill Agreement are considered to be acting in concert.
- (2)Treasury shares held by Eurazeo.
(In percentage)
December 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Shares
% of share capital
Voting rights that may be exercised in SM
% voting rights that may be exercised in SM
% theoretical voting rights*
Shares
% of share capital
Voting rights that may be exercised in SM
% voting rights that may be exercised in SM
% theoretical voting rights*
Registered shares
41,299,966
54.28%
69,403,627
66.65%
63.43%
38,536,057
50.65%
68,916,939
64.76%
63.29%
Bearer shares
34,781,908
45.72%
34,734,235
33.35%
31.74%
37,545,817
49.35%
37,501,283
35.24%
34.44%
JCDecaux Holding SAS
14,943,187
19.64%
29,095,115
27.94%
26.59%
14,251,928
18.73%
28,403,856
26.69%
26.08%
2022 David-Weill Agreement (1)
7,308,081
9.61%
14,593,217
14.01%
13.34%
7,439,992
9.78%
14,859,984
13.96%
13.65%
Quatre Sœurs LLC
3,113,528
4.09%
6,227,056
5.98%
5.69%
3,113,528
4.09%
6,227,056
5.85%
5.72%
Palmes CPM SA
1,037,839
1.36%
2,075,678
1.99%
1.90%
1,037,839
1.36%
2,075,678
1.95%
1.91%
David-Weill Family
3,156,714
4.15%
6,290,483
6.04%
5.75%
3,288,625
4.32%
6,557,250
6.16%
6.02%
Public
48,549,732
63.81%
60,449,530
58.05%
55.24%
51,912,646
68.23%
63,154,382
59.35%
58.00%
Eurazeo (2)
5,280,874
6.94%
-
-
4.83%
2,477,308
3.26%
-
-
2.27%
Total
76,081,874
100%
104,137,862
100%
100%
76,081,874
100%
106,418,222
100%
100%
- *Based on the total number of shares, including shares stripped of voting rights in accordance with Article L. 233-8-II of the French Commercial Code.
- (1)Decision and Information no. 222C2674 – see Section 7.1.2 “Shareholders’ Agreements”. The parties to the 2022 David-Weill Agreement are considered to be acting in concert.
- (2)Treasury shares held by Eurazeo.
-
7.2Transactions in the Company’s shares
7.2.12025 Share Buyback Program
A. Description of the 2025 buyback program
a) Legal Framework
The 15th resolution adopted by the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 7, 2025 authorized Eurazeo’s Executive Board to launch a share buyback program (hereinafter referred to as the “Buyback Program”) in accordance with Article L. 22-10-62 of the French Commercial Code.
During fiscal year 2025, Eurazeo’s Executive Board implemented this Buyback Program to purchase shares. The details of these transactions are set out below.
b) Details of the Buyback Program
The Buyback Program was authorized for a period of 18 months from the Shareholders’ Meeting until November 6, 2026. The maximum purchase price authorized was €150 per share. The Executive Board was granted authorization to buy a number of shares equivalent to a maximum of 10% of Eurazeo’s share capital on the date of such purchases.
In accordance with applicable regulations and stock exchange practices approved by the French Financial Markets Authority (AMF), the Buyback Program was established with a view to:
- ▰canceling shares, in accordance with the authorization granted to the Executive Board at the Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting;
- ▰market-making in the Company’s shares under a liquidity contract in accordance with market practices accepted by the French Financial Markets Authority (AMF);
- ▰granting or allocating shares to employees and corporate officers of the Company and/or of current or future affiliates as allowed by law, particularly with respect to exercising share purchase options, granting free shares or profit sharing;
- ▰remitting or exchanging shares when the rights attached to debt instruments that entitle holders to receive Eurazeo shares are exercised;
- ▰undertaking any other transaction approved or recognized by regulations or the French Financial Markets Authority (AMF) and any goals consistent with prevailing regulations.
The Company can also use this authorization with a view to retaining or using shares in exchange or as payment for potential future acquisitions. In accordance with Article L. 22-10-62 of the French Commercial Code, the number of shares purchased by the Company with a view to holding and subsequently presenting them in payment or exchange in connection with an acquisition, cannot exceed 5% of the Company’s share capital.
The 18th resolution adopted by the Shareholder’s Meeting of May 7, 2025 authorized the Executive Board, for a period of 26 months from the date of the Shareholders’ Meeting, to decrease the share capital, in one or more transactions, by canceling some or all of the shares purchased under the Company’s share buyback program, up to a maximum of 10% of the share capital by 24-month period.
B. Buyback of shares by Eurazeo during fiscal year 2025
Eurazeo bought back 7,685,405 shares at an average price of €59.61 per share and a total cost of €458,155,786.35 during fiscal year 2025 as follows:
a) Buyback of shares for cancellation
During fiscal year 2025, Eurazeo bought back 6,251,773 shares for cancellation at an average price of €59.09 per share and a total cost of €369,406,155.33.
1,171,883 shares were bought back at an average price of €69.81 per share and a total cost of €81,811,969.52 pursuant to the authorization granted by the 21st resolution adopted by the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 7, 2024.
5,079,890 shares were bought back at an average price of €56.61 per share and a total cost of €287,594,185.81 pursuant to the authorization granted by the 15th resolution adopted by the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 7, 2025.
b) Buyback of shares under a liquidity contract for market-making purposes
During fiscal year 2025, a total of 1,353,632 shares at an average price of €62.43 per share and a total cost of €84,511,935.22 were purchased by BNP Paribas Financial Markets acting on behalf of Eurazeo under a liquidity contract for market-making purposes.
480,975 shares were bought back at an average price of €69.80 per share and a total cost of €33,570,568.17 pursuant to the authorization granted by the 21st resolution adopted by the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 7, 2024.
872,657 shares were bought back at an average price of €58.38 per share and a total cost of €50,941,367.05 pursuant to the authorization granted by the 15th resolution adopted by the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 7, 2025.
c) Buyback of shares for grant to employees and corporate officers
No shares were bought back pursuant to the authorization granted by the 21st resolution adopted by the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 7, 2024.
Eurazeo bought back 80,000 shares at an average price of €52.97 per share and a total cost of €4,237,695.80 for grant to holders of share purchase options or as free shares pursuant to the authorization granted by the 15th resolution adopted by the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 7, 2025.
d) Buyback of shares for remittance or exchange when rights attached to debt instruments are exercised
During fiscal year 2025, Eurazeo did not purchase any of its own shares for the purpose of remittance or exchange when rights attached to debt instruments are exercised.
e) Buyback of shares for retention and use in future acquisitions
During fiscal year 2025, Eurazeo did not purchase any of its own shares for retention and use in future acquisitions.
C. Sales of shares in fiscal year 2025
During fiscal year 2025, due to the exercise of Eurazeo share purchase options, Eurazeo sold 709,266 shares at a cost price of €60.98 per share, for a total of €43,253,011.60.
During fiscal year 2025, a total of 1,266,038 shares at an average price of €63.63 per share and representing total disposal proceeds of €79,349,743.94 (i.e. a cost price of €80,563,396.06) were sold by BNP Paribas Financial Markets acting on behalf of Eurazeo under a liquidity contract for market-making purposes.
D. Share buyback details
During fiscal year 2025, Eurazeo bought back 6,331,773 shares at an average price of €59.01 per share and a total cost of €373,643,851.13, directly on the market.
Eurazeo also bought back 1,353,632 shares at an average price of €62.43 per share and a total cost of €84,511,935.22 under a liquidity contract.
E. Potential reallocations
During fiscal year 2025, Eurazeo did not decide the reallocation of any shares purchased under the share buyback program.
F. Cancellation of shares by Eurazeo
In accordance with prevailing law and in light of the number of shares already canceled, Eurazeo may not cancel any further shares as of December 31, 2025.
G. Brokerage fees
-
8.2Draft resolutions proposed to the Shareholders’ Meeting
Resolutions before the Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting
- →Approval of the financial statements, allocation of net income and dividend distribution (1st, 2nd and 3rd resolutions)
After reviewing the Executive Board’s Management Report, the Supervisory Board’s observations and the Statutory Auditors’ reports on the Company and consolidated financial statements, the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd resolutions ask shareholders to approve:
- (I)the Company and consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025;
- ( II )payment of an ordinary dividend of €2.92 per share, an increase of +10%;
- ( III )payment of a 10% increased dividend i.e. €3.21 per share. The loyalty dividend will replace the ordinary dividend exclusively for shares that have been deposited in a registered account since December 31, 2023 at the latest and that will remain in registered form continuously until the dividend payment date. The number of shares eligible for this increased dividend may not exceed, for the same shareholder, 0.5% of the share capital as of December 31, 2025 pursuant to the provisions of Article L. 232-14 of the French Commercial Code.
The dividends (ordinary or increased as appropriate) shall have an ex-dividend date of May 18, 2026 and a payment date of May 20, 2026.
1st resolution: Approval of the Company financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025
The Shareholders’ Meeting, voting in accordance with quorum and majority rules for Ordinary Shareholders’ Meetings, having reviewed the Executive Board’s report, the Supervisory Board’s observations, the Statutory Auditors’ report as well as the Company financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025, approves the Company financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025 as presented to the Shareholders’ Meeting, as well as the transactions reflected therein and summarized in these reports.
The Shareholders’ Meeting approves net income for the fiscal year of €45,482,844.96. Pursuant to Article 223 quater of the French General Tax Code, the Shareholders’ Meeting approves non-deductible expenses (Article 39-4 of the French General Tax Code) of €82,229.77, which will not give rise to payment of income tax.
2nd resolution: Allocation of net income and dividend distribution
The Shareholders’ Meeting, voting in accordance with quorum and majority rules for Ordinary Shareholders’ Meetings, having reviewed the Executive Board’s report, the Supervisory Board’s observations and the Statutory Auditors’ report, and after having noted that net income for the year is €45,482,844.96, resolves to allocate net income as follows based on 69,165,760 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2025:
- ▰Retained earnings brought forward
€385,245,678.00
- ▰Net income for the year
€45,482,844.96
Giving a total of
€430,728,522.96
- ▰To the Legal reserve
-
- ▰Amount granted to shareholders in respect of the dividend (including the increased dividend)
€204,799,040.74
To Retained earnings
€225,929,482.22
Giving a total of
€430,728,522.96
The Shareholders’ Meeting therefore sets the ordinary dividend at €2.92 per share, with an increased dividend of €3.21 per share. The increased dividend shall be granted in place of the ordinary dividend exclusively to shares held in registered form since at least December 31, 2023 and that continue to be held in this form and without interruption up to the dividend payment date, it being specified that the number of securities eligible for the increased dividend may not exceed, for the same shareholder, 0.5% of the share capital.
The dividends (ordinary and increased) shall have an ex-dividend date of May 18, 2026 and a payment date of May 20, 2026.
If the Company holds treasury shares at the time of payment of the dividend, the dividend amount corresponding to these shares would be automatically allocated to “Retained earnings”.
This distribution is fully eligible for the 40% tax rebate provided for in Article 158-3-2 of the French General Tax Code for individual shareholders who are tax‑resident in France, provided they have elected, on a global basis, to be taxed under the progressive income tax scale pursuant to Article 200 A, 2 of the French General Tax Code.
Dividends paid to individual shareholders who are tax‑resident in France are, in principle and at the time of payment, subject to a non‑final income tax deduction at a rate of 12.8%, as well as to social contributions at a rate of 18.6% on the gross amount, as an advance payment of income tax. This deduction can be offset against the 12.8% flat tax (prélèvement forfaitaire unique) which constitutes a final tax pursuant to Article 200 A, 1 of the French General Tax Code. The dividend is included in the taxpayer’s reference taxable income for the year of receipt, which serves as the basis for calculating the exceptional contribution on high income provided for in Article 223 sexies of the French General Tax Code and the differential contribution applicable to certain high‑income taxpayers provided for in Article 224 of the French General Tax Code.
However, an individual shareholder who is tax‑resident in France may expressly and irrevocably elect, before the filing deadline for their tax return and on a global basis in respect of all income referred to in Article 200 A, 1 of the French General Tax Code, to have income within the scope of the flat tax taxed under the progressive income tax scale, in accordance with Article 200 A, 2 of the French General Tax Code. In that case, the dividend is eligible for the aforementioned 40% tax rebate provided for in Article 200 A, 2 of the French General Tax Code. The 12.8% non‑final tax deduction is offset against the income tax due for the year in which the dividend is received and, if it exceeds the tax due, the excess is refundable. Social contributions at a rate of 18.6% on the gross dividend are in all cases payable.
Furthermore, pursuant to Article 117 quater (I-1) of the French General Tax Code, taxpayers whose household reference taxable income for the second year preceding the year of payment does not exceed a specified threshold may, upon request and subject to the conditions set out in Article 242 quater of the French General Tax Code, be exempted from the 12.8% non‑final tax deduction.
In accordance with Article 243 bis of the French General Tax Code, the Shareholders’ Meeting hereby notes that dividends per share for the previous three fiscal years were as follows:
(In euros)
Year ended 12/31/2022
Year ended 12/31/2023
Year ended 12/31/2024
Dividend (1)
€2.20
€2.42
€2.65
- (1)The dividend corresponds to all income distributed for the fiscal year and is fully eligible for the 40% rebate provided for in Article 158.3 2° of the French General Tax Code, under the legal limits and conditions.
The Shareholders’ Meeting grants full powers to the Executive Board to determine, notably with respect to the number of treasury shares held by the Company and the number of shares canceled prior to the dividend payment date and, where applicable, the number of new shares issued before this date and bearing dividend rights as of January 1, 2026, the total dividend distribution and, accordingly, the amount of distributable earnings to be allocated to “Other reserves”.
3rd resolution: Approval of the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025
The Shareholders’ Meeting, voting in accordance with quorum and majority rules for Ordinary Shareholders’ Meetings, having reviewed the Executive Board’s report, the Supervisory Board’s observations, the Statutory Auditors’ report as well as the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025, approves the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025 as presented to the Shareholders’ Meeting, as well as the transactions reflected therein and summarized in these reports.
- →Approval of regulated agreements and commitments (4th and 5th resolutions)
- ▰In the 4th and 5th resolution, shareholders are asked to approve the regulated agreements governed by Articles L. 225-86 et seq. of the French Commercial Code, which were authorized by the Supervisory Board and entered into by the Company in 2025;
- ▰The agreements referred to in the 4th resolution encompass the agreements involving members of the Executive Board, who will be excluded from the vote on this resolution in the amount of their shareholding;
- ▰They primarily concern the contractual documents to be entered into with members of the Executive Board and members of the investment team structuring their respective investments in funds open to investment partners. Two co-investment plans were authorized during 2025. The Supervisory Board meeting of June 19, 2025 authorized, at the recommendation of the CAG Committee and in accordance with the provisions of Article 5.2 of the Internal Rules, the proposed allocations to Executive Board members and the contractual documentation, as part of the implementation of the LightQuest co-investment plans;
- ▰These investments by members of the Executive Board and the investment teams will be performed in accordance with the fund rules. Carried interest shares issued by these funds vest progressively to members of the Executive Board and the investment teams. In accordance with market practice and prevailing regulations, the members of the Executive Board and the investment teams hold a separate class of shares conferring different rights (compared to ordinary shares) to capital gains. For several years now, Eurazeo has allowed members of its Executive Board and the investment team to invest alongside third-party investors in funds managed by the Eurazeo group. It is specified that investments in the funds by members of the Executive Board and members of the investment team carry a risk that all or part of the investment will be lost;
- ▰Detailed information on investments by members of the Executive Board and the investment teams is presented in Section 5.14, “Participation by Eurazeo teams in Group investments”, of the 2025 Universal Registration Document. The purpose of these agreements, their financial terms and conditions and their interest to the Group are presented in Sections 5.9, “Regulated agreements,” and 8.6 of the 2025 Universal Registration Document;
- ▰Shareholders should note that the Statutory Auditors’ Special Report presented in Chapter 8, Section 8.6 of the 2025 Universal Registration Document details the new agreements as well as all agreements and commitments entered into and authorized during previous years, that remained in effect during the year ended December 31, 2025. These agreements and commitments were reviewed by the Supervisory Board in accordance with Article L. 225-88-1 of the French Commercial Code.
The agreement referred to in the 5th resolution concerns the 2026 David-Weill Agreement
- ▰The Supervisory Board meeting of March 10, 2026 authorized Eurazeo to enter into an agreement to act in concert with Béatrice Stern, Natalie Merveilleux du Vignaux, Agathe Mordacq, Cécile David‑Weill and her children, and Quatre Sœurs LLC and Palmes CPM SA (the “Parties”), which together hold more than 10% of Eurazeo’s share capital and voting rights (the “2026 David‑Weill Agreement”). The agreement notably governs certain governance (voting) arrangements and transfer mechanisms (price/terms and procedures), and sets thresholds and reference price ranges for notifications and transfers;
- ▰The David-Weill 2026 Agreement primarily provides for (i) a consultation commitment ahead of each shareholders’ meeting so that the voting rights attached to the securities held by the Parties are exercised in a coordinated manner, (ii) a cap on acquisitions, including a prior‑information obligation (five trading days’ notice) in the event of an increase in holdings and an undertaking not to cause the concert to cross the 30% threshold of the share capital and/or voting rights; and (iii) provisions governing the transfer of securities (right of first refusal in favor of the other Parties, with an alternative tag-along right, and, where applicable, a right of first negotiation in favor of Eurazeo). The 2026 David-Weill Agreement was entered into for a period of four years commencing April 6, 2026, with the possibility of early termination under certain conditions. It will replace the agreement entered into on December 12, 2022 between the same Parties on its expiry on April 6, 2026 (Decision and Information no. 226C0297). The parties to the 2022 David‑Weill Agreement (Decision and Information no. 222C2674) notified Eurazeo on December 16, 2025 of their decision not to tacitly renew the 2022 David‑Weill Agreement on its expiry;
- ▰The conclusion of the 2026 David‑Weill Agreement reaffirms the Company’s family shareholding base and confirms the David‑Weill family’s continued commitment to Eurazeo, supporting the stability of its shareholding structure. This new agreement is in line with the 2022 agreement, while introducing adjustments to modernize its operation and facilitate the management of shares by the Parties;
- ▰Detailed information on this agreement is presented in Chapter 7.1.2 of the 2025 Universal Registration Document.
4th resolution: Approval of agreements and commitments governed by Article L. 225-86 of the French Commercial Code
The Shareholders’ Meeting, voting in accordance with quorum and majority rules for Ordinary Shareholders’ Meetings, having reviewed the Statutory Auditors’ Special Report on regulated agreements and commitments governed by Article L. 225-86 of the French Commercial Code, approves the new agreements presented in this report and also duly notes the information on agreements entered into and authorized in prior years and that continued to be implemented during the year, which are disclosed in this report and were reviewed by the Supervisory Board in accordance with Article L. 225-88-1 of the French Commercial Code.
5th resolution: Approval of an agreement governed by Article L. 225-86 of the French Commercial Code between the Company and SOME Company shareholders (2026 David-Weill Agreement)
The Shareholders’ Meeting, voting in accordance with quorum and majority rules for Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting, having reviewed the Statutory Auditors’ Special Report on an agreement governed by Article L. 225-86 of the French Commercial Code, approves the agreement presented in this report and not yet approved by the Shareholders’ Meeting.
- →Composition of the Supervisory Board (6th, 7th and 8th resolution)
- ▰As of December 31, 2025, the Supervisory Board has 11 members. The Supervisory Board has four female members, accounting for 44.4% of the Retained Number (excluding the two employee representatives) and five independent members, 55.5% of this total. The Company therefore complies with prevailing regulations, with more than 40% of female Board members and more than 50% of independent Board members.
- ▰Given the proposed renewal of the two terms of office expiring at the end of the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 6, 2026, if the two proposed resolutions relating to the composition of the Supervisory Board were adopted by the Shareholders’ Meeting, the composition, independence and diversity of the Supervisory Board would remain unchanged.
Renewal of the term of office of Mathilde Lemoine as a member of the Supervisory Board (6th resolution)
- ▰The 6th resolution asks shareholders to renew Mathilde Lemoine’s term of office as a member of the Supervisory Board for a period of four years. This term of office will expire at the end of the Shareholders’ Meeting held in 2030 to approve the financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2029;
- ▰Mathilde Lemoine has been a member of the Eurazeo Supervisory Board since April 28, 2022 and is a member of the CSR Committee. Her attendance rate at Board and Committee meetings in 2025 was as follows: 100% (Supervisory Board) and 100% (CSR Committee).
Independence and multiple directorships
- ▰Mathilde Lemoine is considered to be independent as she satisfies all the independence criteria set out in the AFEP-MEDEF Code and also complies with legal obligations and AFEP-MEDEF Code recommendations setting limits on the number of offices held;
- ▰Detailed information concerning Mathilde Lemoine is presented in Section 5.2, “Offices and positions held by the Supervisory Board as of December 31, 2025”, of the 2025 Universal Registration Document.
Renewal of the term of office of Serge Schoen as a member of the Supervisory Board (7th resolution)
- ▰The 7th resolution asks shareholders to renew Serge Schoen’s term of office as a member of the Supervisory Board for a period of four years. This term of office will expire at the end of the Shareholders’ Meeting held in 2030 to approve the financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2029;
- ▰Serge Schoen has been a member of the Eurazeo Supervisory Board since April 28, 2022 and is Chairman of the CAG Committee and a member of the Finance Committee. His attendance rate at Board and Committee meetings in 2025 was as follows: 100% (Supervisory Board), 100% (CAG Committee) and 83.33% (Finance Committee).
Independence and multiple directorships
- ▰Serge Schoen is considered to be independent as he satisfies all the independence criteria set out in the AFEP-MEDEF Code and also complies with legal obligations and AFEP-MEDEF Code recommendations setting limits on the number of offices held;
- ▰Detailed information on Serge Schoen is presented in Section 5.2, “Offices and positions held by the Supervisory Board as of December 31, 2025”, of the 2025 Universal Registration Document.
Appointment of Flavie Richardson as a non-voting member
- ▰The Supervisory Board meeting of December 11, 2025 took note of Jean-Pierre Richardson’s decision not to seek the renewal of his duties as a non-voting member. The 8th resolution asks shareholders to appoint Flavie Richardson as a non-voting member for a period of four years in accordance with Article 16 of the Bylaws. Her term of office will expire at the end of the Shareholders’ Meeting held in 2030 to approve the financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2029.
6th resolution: Renewal of the term of office of Mathilde Lemoine as a member of the Supervisory Board
The Shareholders’ Meeting, voting in accordance with quorum and majority rules for Ordinary Shareholders’ Meetings and having reviewed the Executive Board’s report, renews the term of office of Mathilde Lemoine as a member of the Company’s Supervisory Board for a period of four years. This term of office will expire at the end of the Shareholders’ Meeting held in 2030 to approve the financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2029.
7th resolution: Renewal of the term of office of Serge Schoen as a member of the Supervisory Board
The Shareholders’ Meeting, voting in accordance with quorum and majority rules for Ordinary Shareholders’ Meetings and having reviewed the Executive Board’s report, renews the term of office of Serge Schoen as a member of the Company’s Supervisory Board for a period of four years. This term of office will expire at the end of the Shareholders’ Meeting held in 2030 to approve the financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2029.
8th resolution: Appointment of Flavie Richardson as a non-voting member
The Shareholders’ Meeting, voting in accordance with quorum and majority rules for Ordinary Shareholders’ Meetings and having reviewed the Executive Board’s report, appoints Flavie Richardson as a non-voting member for a period of four years. This term of office will expire at the end of the Shareholders’ Meeting held in 2030 to approve the financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2029.
- →Approval of the 2026 corporate officer compensation policy (9th and 10th resolutions)
Pursuant to Article L. 22-10-26 of the French Commercial Code, the Supervisory Board submits to the approval of the Shareholders’ Meeting the compensation policy for members of the Supervisory Board and Executive Board.
On March 10, 2026, at the recommendation of the CAG Committee, the Supervisory Board adopted the compensation policy for Executive Board and Supervisory Board members that will be presented for vote at the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 6, 2026.
The 9th resolution asks shareholders to approve the 2026 compensation policy for Supervisory Board members. The principles governing the Supervisory Board’s 2025 compensation policy are retained unchanged.
The 10th resolution asks shareholders to approve the 2026 compensation policy for Executive Board members.
The Supervisory Board sets the compensation policy for members of Eurazeo’s Executive Board on the basis of recommendations made by the CAG Committee, taking account of the principles set out in the AFEP-MEDEF Code: comprehensiveness, balance between compensation components, comparability, consistency, understandability of the rules and proportionality. The compensation of Eurazeo’s current Executive Board members comprises fixed compensation, annual variable compensation, long-term compensation, and other benefits incidental to their duties.
At the recommendation of the CAG Committee, the Supervisory Board meeting of March 10, 2026 adjusted the Executive Board compensation policy in the following areas: (i) the introduction of two economic criteria for long‑term compensation, relating to the increase in the FRE margin rate and the growth in third‑party assets under management; (ii) the review of the respective weightings of the four criteria in line with changes in the business model; and (iii) an adjustment to the grant amount for each member. The other components of the compensation policy are unchanged.
Information is presented in the corporate governance report prepared in accordance with the aforementioned Article and presented in Chapter 5, Section 5.8.1, “2026 Corporate Officer Compensation Policy”, of the 2025 Universal Registration Document.
Pursuant to Article L. 22-10-34 of the French Commercial Code, the amounts resulting from the application of these principles and criteria will be submitted for shareholder approval at the Shareholders’ Meeting called to approve the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2026.
9th resolution: Approval of the 2026 compensation policy for Supervisory Board members
The Shareholders’ Meeting, voting in accordance with quorum and majority rules for Ordinary Shareholders’ Meetings and having reviewed the corporate governance report, approves in accordance with Article L. 22-10-26 of the French Commercial Code the compensation policy for members of the Supervisory Board, as presented to the Shareholders’ Meeting in the aforementioned report (Chapter 5, Section 5.8.1.2, “Compensation Policy for Supervisory Board members”, of the 2025 Universal Registration Document).
10th resolution: Approval of the 2026 compensation policy for Executive Board members
The Shareholders’ Meeting, voting in accordance with quorum and majority rules for Ordinary Shareholders’ Meetings and having reviewed the corporate governance report, approves in accordance with Article L. 22-10-26 of the French Commercial Code the compensation policy for members of the Executive Board, as presented to the Shareholders’ Meeting in the aforementioned report (Chapter 5, Section 5.8.1.3, “Compensation Policy for Executive Board members”, of the 2025 Universal Registration Document).
- →Approval of the compensation report presented in the corporate governance report (11th resolution) and compensation and benefits paid or awarded in respect of fiscal year 2025 to each executive corporate officer (12th, 13th, 14th, 15th and 16th resolutions)
Pursuant to the provisions of Article L. 22-10-34 Section l of the French Commercial Code, the Supervisory Board submits a draft resolution (11th) for approval by the Shareholders’ Meeting regarding the information relating to corporate officer compensation for 2025 mentioned in Article L. 22-10-9 Section I of the French Commercial Code (“Report on compensation”).
Pursuant to Article L. 22-12-34 Section II of the French Commercial Code, the 12th, 13th, 14th, and 15th resolutions ask shareholders to approve the total compensation and benefits of all kinds paid or awarded in respect of fiscal year 2025 to:
- ▰Jean-Charles Decaux, Chairman of the Supervisory Board;
- ▰William Kadouch-Chassaing, member of the Executive Board;
- ▰Christophe Bavière, member of the Executive Board;
- ▰Sophie Flak, member of the Executive Board;
Pursuant to Article L. 22-10-34 II of the French Commercial Code, the 16th resolution ask shareholders to approve the total compensation and benefits of all kinds paid or awarded in respect of fiscal year 2025 to Olivier Millet, a member of the Executive Board until March 17, 2025.
Shareholders are therefore asked to approve the following:
Components of compensation and benefits paid or awarded in respect of fiscal year 2025 to Jean-Charles Decaux, Chairman of the Supervisory Board
The 12th resolution asks shareholders to approve the components of compensation paid or awarded in respect of fiscal year 2025 to Jean-Charles Decaux, Chairman of the Supervisory Board, as presented in Chapter 5, Section 5.8.5, “Components of compensation and benefits paid or awarded in respect of fiscal year 2025 to the Chairman of the Supervisory Board and each member of the Executive Board, submitted to the approval of shareholders”, of the 2025 Universal Registration Document.
Components of compensation and benefits paid or awarded in respect of fiscal year 2025 to William Kadouch-Chassaing, Christophe Bavière and Sophie Flak, members of the Executive Board
The 13th, 14th, and 15th resolutions ask shareholders to approve the components of compensation paid or awarded in respect of fiscal year 2025 to William Kadouch-Chassaing, Christophe Bavière and Sophie Flak, members of the Executive Board, as presented in Chapter 5, Section 5.8.5 “Components of compensation and benefits paid or awarded in respect of fiscal year 2025 to the Chairman of the Supervisory Board and each member of the Executive Board, submitted to the approval of shareholders”, of the 2025 Universal Registration Document.
Components of compensation and benefits paid or awarded in respect of fiscal year 2025 to Olivier Millet, member of the Executive Board Member until March 17, 2025
The 16th resolution asks shareholders to approve the components of compensation paid or awarded in respect of fiscal year 2025 to Olivier Millet, member of the Executive Board until March 17, 2025, as presented in Chapter 5, Section 5.8.5, “Components of compensation and benefits paid or awarded in respect of fiscal year 2025 to the Chairman of the Supervisory Board and each member of the Executive Board, submitted to the approval of shareholders” of the 2025 Universal Registration Document.
11th resolution: Approval of information relating to corporate officer compensation mentioned in Section I of Article L. 22-10-9 of the French Commercial Code, as presented in the corporate governance report
Pursuant to Article L. 22-10-34 I of the French Commercial Code, the Shareholders’ Meeting, voting in accordance with quorum and majority rules for Ordinary Shareholders’ Meetings, approves the information mentioned in Section I of Article L. 22-10-9 of the French Commercial Code as presented in the Company’s corporate governance report.
12th resolution: Approval of compensation and benefits paid or awarded in respect of fiscal year 2025 to Jean-Charles Decaux, Chairman of the Supervisory Board
Pursuant to Article L. 22-10-34 II of the French Commercial Code, the Shareholders’ Meeting, voting in accordance with quorum and majority rules for Ordinary Shareholders’ Meetings, approves the fixed, variable and exceptional components of total compensation and benefits of all kinds paid or awarded in respect of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 to Jean-Charles Decaux, Chairman of the Supervisory Board, as presented in the Company’s corporate governance report.
13th resolution: Approval of compensation and benefits paid or awarded in respect of fiscal year 2025 to William Kadouch-Chassaing, member of the Executive Board
Pursuant to Article L. 22-10-34 II of the French Commercial Code, the Shareholders’ Meeting, voting in accordance with quorum and majority rules for Ordinary Shareholders’ Meetings, approves the fixed, variable and exceptional components of total compensation and benefits of all kinds paid or awarded in respect of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 to William Kadouch-Chassaing, member of the Executive Board, as presented in the Company’s corporate governance report.
14th resolution: Approval of compensation and benefits paid or awarded in respect of fiscal year 2025 to Christophe Bavière, member of the Executive Board
Pursuant to Article L. 22-10-34 II of the French Commercial Code, the Shareholders’ Meeting, voting in accordance with quorum and majority rules for Ordinary Shareholders’ Meetings, approves the fixed, variable and exceptional components of total compensation and benefits of all kinds paid or awarded in respect of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 to Christophe Bavière, member of the Executive Board, as presented in the Company’s corporate governance report.
15th resolution: Approval of compensation and benefits paid or awarded in respect of fiscal year 2025 to Sophie Flak, member of the Executive Board
Pursuant to Article L. 22-10-34 II of the French Commercial Code, the Shareholders’ Meeting, voting in accordance with quorum and majority rules for Ordinary Shareholders’ Meetings, approves the fixed, variable and exceptional components of total compensation and benefits of all kinds paid or awarded in respect of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 to Sophie Flak, member of the Executive Board, as presented in the Company’s corporate governance report.
16th resolution: Approval of compensation and benefits paid or awarded in respect of fiscal year 2025 to Olivier Millet, member of the Executive Board until March 17, 2025
Pursuant to Article L. 22-10-34 II of the French Commercial Code, the Shareholders’ Meeting, voting in accordance with quorum and majority rules for Ordinary Shareholders’ Meetings, approves the fixed, variable and exceptional components of total compensation and benefits of all kinds paid or awarded in respect of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 to Olivier Millet, member of the Executive Board, as presented in the Company’s corporate governance report.
- →Authorization of a share buyback program by the Company for its own shares (17th resolution)
The authorization granted by the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 7, 2025 to the Executive Board to carry out transactions in the Company’s shares expires on November 7, 2026. The 17th resolution asks shareholders to authorize the Executive Board once again, for a period of 18 months, to carry out transactions in the Company’s shares subject to a maximum purchase price per share of €150. This authorization would enable the Executive Board to purchase shares with a view to:
- 1.canceling shares;
- 2.market-making in the Company’s shares under a liquidity contract in accordance with market practices accepted by the French Financial Markets Authority (AMF);
- 3.granting or allocating shares to employees and corporate officers of the Company and/or of current or future affiliates as allowed by law, particularly with respect to exercising share purchase options, granting free shares or profit sharing;
- 4.remitting or exchanging shares when the rights attached to debt instruments that entitle holders to receive Eurazeo shares are exercised;
- 5.undertaking any other transaction approved or recognized by regulations or the French Financial Markets Authority (AMF) and any goals consistent with prevailing regulations.
The Company may also use this authorization with a view to retaining or using shares in exchange or as payment for potential future acquisitions.
These transactions may not be performed during a takeover bid period. During such a period, these transactions may only be performed to allow the Company to satisfy prior commitments to grant or allocate shares to employees or corporate officers of the Company as set out in point 3 above, particularly with respect to the exercise of share purchase options or the grant of free shares or profit sharing or if the buyback transactions are performed under a prevailing independent share purchase mandate.
It is recalled that the Company directly owned 4,074,861 shares as of December 31, 2025, representing 5.89% of its share capital. In accordance with prevailing laws and regulations, these shares do not confer dividend or voting rights. Of these 4,074,861 shares, 135,267 shares were purchased under the liquidity contract, 2,331,773 shares are allocated for cancellation and 1,607,821 shares are allocated for grant to holders of share purchase options or as free shares to employees or corporate officers of the Company and/or its subsidiaries.
The authorization granted to the Executive Board for the buyback program limits purchases to 10% of the share capital on the date of such purchases, as calculated in accordance with applicable laws and regulations (5% for external growth transactions), provided, however, that the total number of the Company’s own shares held by it following such purchases does not exceed 10% of the share capital. On the basis of the Company’s share capital as of December 31, 2025, that ceiling would be 6,916,576 shares.
17th resolution: Authorization of a share buyback program by the Company for its own shares
The Shareholders’ Meeting, voting in accordance with quorum and majority rules for Ordinary Shareholders’ Meetings, having reviewed the Executive Board’s report and pursuant to Article L. 22-10-62 of the French Commercial Code and the Market Abuse Regulation (Regulation no. 596/2014/EU):
- ▰terminates, with immediate effect, the unused portion of the authorization granted to the Executive Board to purchase shares of the Company pursuant to the 15th resolution of the Combined Shareholders’ Meeting of May 7, 2025;
- ▰authorizes the Executive Board to carry out transactions in Company shares up to an amount representing 10% of the share capital on the date of such purchases, as calculated in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, provided, however, that the total number of Company shares held by it following such purchases does not exceed 10% of the share capital.
The maximum purchase price per share is set at €150 (excluding acquisition costs), that is a total maximum amount allocated to the share buyback program of €1,037,486,400, based on a total of 69,165,760 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2025. It should be noted, however, that in the event of changes in the share capital resulting, in particular, from the capitalization of reserves and the granting of bonus shares, stock splits or reverse splits, the above-mentioned price will be revised accordingly.
Shares may be bought, sold or transferred by any means, in one or more transactions, particularly on the market or over the counter, including through block trades, public offerings, the use of derivatives or of warrants or other securities granting access to share capital, or by creating option mechanisms, as permitted by the financial market authorities and in accordance with applicable regulations.
The Company may use this authorization for the following purposes, in compliance with the above-mentioned statutes and financial market practices authorized by the French Financial Markets Authority (AMF):
- 1.canceling shares, in accordance with the authorization granted to the Executive Board at the Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting;
- 2.market-making in the Company’s shares under a liquidity contract in accordance with market practices accepted by the French Financial Markets Authority (AMF);
- 3.granting or allocating shares to employees and corporate officers of the Company and/or of current or future affiliates as allowed by law, particularly with respect to exercising share purchase options, granting free shares or profit sharing;
- 4.remitting or exchanging shares when the rights attached to debt instruments (or other securities) that entitle holders to receive Eurazeo shares are exercised;
- 5.undertaking any other transaction approved or recognized by regulations or the French Financial Markets Authority (AMF) and any goals consistent with prevailing regulations.
The Company may also use this authorization with a view to retaining or using shares in exchange or as payment for potential future acquisitions. In accordance with Article L. 22-10-62 of the French Commercial Code, the number of shares purchased by the Company with a view to holding and subsequently presenting them in payment or exchange in connection with an acquisition, cannot exceed 5% of the Company’s share capital.
Company shares may be purchased, sold or transferred at any time, subject to applicable laws and regulations, except during a takeover bid period. During such a period, these transactions may only be performed to allow the Company to satisfy prior commitments to grant or allocate shares to employees or corporate officers of the Company as set out in point 3 above, particularly with respect to the exercise of share purchase options or the grant of free shares or profit sharing or if the buyback transactions are performed under a prevailing independent share purchase mandate.
As required by applicable regulations, the Company will report purchases, disposals and transfers to the French Financial Markets Authority (AMF) and generally complete all formalities or filing requirements.
As required by applicable regulations, the Company will report transactions performed pursuant to this authorization to Shareholders’ Meetings.
The Shareholders’ Meeting grants full powers to the Executive Board, which may delegate such power, to implement this authorization and set the terms and conditions thereof, in particular, to adjust the above purchase price in the event of changes in shareholders’ equity, share capital or the par value of shares, to place any orders on the stock market, enter into agreements, perform any reallocations, complete all filing requirements and formalities and generally do all that is necessary.
- →Appointment of KPMG S.A. as principal Statutory Auditor (18th resolution)
The Supervisory Board meeting of March 5, 2025 decided to propose to the Shareholders’ Meeting, at the recommendation of the Audit Committee, the appointment of KPMG S.A. as principal Statutory Auditor to replace PricewaterhouseCoopers Audit, whose term of office expires at the end of the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 6, 2026. The 18th resolution therefore asks shareholders to appoint KPMG S.A. as principal Statutory Auditor for a period of six years, that is until the end of the Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting to be held in 2032 to approve the financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2031.
KPMG S.A. has already indicated that it would accept this appointment in the event of a favorable vote on the resolution, and that it was not affected by any incompatibility or prohibition that could prevent the exercise of such duties.
18th resolution: Appointment of KPMG S.A. as principal Statutory Auditor
The Shareholders’ Meeting, voting in accordance with quorum and majority rules for Ordinary Shareholders’ Meetings and having reviewed the Executive Board’s report, appoints KPMG S.A., a statutory audit company registered with the H2A under number 4100045756 and registered with the Nanterre Trade and Companies Register under number 775 726 417, and whose registered office is located at 2, avenue Gambetta, 92400 Courbevoie, as principle Statutory Auditor for a period of six years, that is until the end of the Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting to be held in 2032 to approve the financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2031.
-
8.3Special Report on share subscription and purchase options (Article L. 225-184 of the French Commercial Code)
Pursuant to the provisions of Article L. 225-184 of the French Commercial Code, Eurazeo informs you that no share purchase options were granted in fiscal year 2025.
Furthermore, the corporate officers do not hold any subscription or purchase options granted and still outstanding as of December 31, 2025.
Lastly, the corporate officers did not exercise any share purchase options during the 2025 financial year.
Share purchase options granted in fiscal year 2025 by Eurazeo to the ten employees other than corporate officers receiving the highest number of options and shares purchased through the exercise of options by the ten employees who have purchased the highest number of shares
No share subscription or purchase options were granted to Eurazeo employees by Eurazeo affiliates within the meaning of Article L. 225-180 of the French Commercial Code.
2015 Plan
2016 Plan
2017 Plan
2018 Plan
Plan 2019/1
Plan 2019/2
Plan 2020
Plan 2021
Date of Shareholders’ Meeting
05/07/2013
05/12/2016
05/12/2016
05/12/2016
05/12/2016
05/25/2019
05/25/2019
04/25/2019
Date of Executive Board meeting
06/29/2015
05/13/2016
01/31/2017
01/31/2018
02/05/2019
06/06/2019
02/10/2020
02/04/2021
Type of options
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Purchase
Total number of shares available for subscription or purchase
280,497
111,225
85,517
6,085
5,409
2,494
-
114,521
Number of shares subscribed or purchased as of December 31, 2025
(280,497)
(4,340)
-
-
-
-
-
(20,300)
Share subscription or purchase options canceled during the fiscal year
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Share subscription or purchase options as of December 31, 2025:
-
106,885
85,517
6,085
5,409
2,494
-
94,221
Number of persons concerned
4
7
4
2
1
1
-
3
Total number of shares that can be subscribed or purchased by members of the Executive Board (in its composition as of December 31, 2025) (1) (3)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Number of executives concerned
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
Total number of shares that can be subscribed or purchased by the first ten employee beneficiaries
280,947
106,885
85,517
6,085
5,409
2,494
-
94,221
Number of employees concerned
4
7
4
2
1
1
-
3
Date of creation of options
06/29/2015
05/13/2016
01/31/2017
01/31/2018
02/05/2019
06/06/2019
-
02/04/2021
Beginning of exercise period
06/29/2019
05/13/2020
01/31/2021
01/31/2022
02/05/2023
06/06/2023
-
02/04/2025
Expiry date
06/29/2025
05/13/2026
01/31/2027
01/31/2028
02/05/2029
06/06/2029
-
02/04/2031
Discount
-
-
-
-
-
Strike price (adjusted)
48.89
49.16
48.20
73.92
59.53
62.70
60.45
56.63
As a % of share capital as of December 31, 2025 (2)
0.0%
0.15%
0.12%
0.01%
0.01%
0.004%
0.00%
0.14%
- (1)Options may be exercised for one share each.
- (2)Based on 76,081,874 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2025.
- (3)Number of shares initially granted, adjusted for share capital transactions since the grant date.
During 2025, in accordance with the vesting periods stipulated in the plan rules, 114,521 purchase options granted under the 2021 Plan by the Executive Board on February 4, 2021, vested to three beneficiaries. Eurazeo’s stock market performance represented 98.47% of the performance of the SBF 120 GR benchmark index and 117.27% of the performance of the LPX-TR Europe benchmark index and the NAV annualized performance was 13.35%, such that 100% of the options granted vested to beneficiaries.
-
8.4Special report on the grant of free shares prepared in accordance with Article L. 225-197-4 of the French Commercial Code
8.4.12025 employee free share plan
A. Legal Framework
The Combined Shareholders’ Meeting of April 28, 2022 (35th resolution) authorized the Executive Board to grant free shares representing up to 3.0% of the Company’s share capital to employees and corporate officers of Eurazeo and/or its affiliates, in accordance with the provisions of Articles L. 225-197-1 to L. 225-197-3 of the French Commercial Code. This authorization was given for a 38-month period.
Pursuant to this authorization, the Eurazeo Executive Board, implementing the delegation of power granted by the Combined Shareholders’ Meeting of April 28, 2022, adopted on March 5, 2025 a free share plan for employees of Eurazeo SE, Eurazeo Global Investor and its subsidiaries and branches, Eurazeo North America, Eurazeo UK and Eurazeo Funds Management Luxembourg (the “Free Share Plan”). The terms and conditions of this Free Share Plan are presented below.
B. Details of the free share plan
The rules governing the Free Share Plan provide notably for a three-year vesting period, with the shares vesting at the end of this period only if the beneficiary is still employed by the Company or a Eurazeo group company, except in the event of death, retirement or full or partial disability or with the formal agreement of the Executive Board.
The Free Share Plan rules also stipulate that the number of shares granted shall be adjusted in the event of transactions in the Company’s share capital in order to protect the rights of beneficiaries.
C. Free shares granted by Eurazeo during fiscal year 2024
Pursuant to the Free Share Plan adopted on March 5, 2025, Eurazeo’s Executive Board decided to grant 40,389 free shares to employees of the Company and Eurazeo group companies, with a value of €74.30 each (share price as of March 4, 2025), split as follows:
- ▰40,389 free shares representing 0.06% of the Company’s share capital as of December 31, 2025 were granted to 233 managerial staff and technician beneficiaries who do not receive performance shares. Of these shares, 4,671 were granted to the ten employees receiving the highest number of free shares;
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8.5Observations of the Supervisory Board on the Executive Board’s report
With respect to Article L. 225-68 of the French Commercial Code, the Supervisory Board has no comments on the Executive Board’s report or the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025, and recommends that the Shareholders’ Meeting adopts all the resolutions proposed by the Executive Board.
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8.6Statutory Auditors’ special report on related-party agreements
(Shareholders’ Meeting for the approval of the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025)
This is a free translation into English of the Statutory Auditors’ special report on related‑party agreements issued in French and is provided solely for the convenience of English‑speaking readers. This report should be read in conjunction with, and construed in accordance with, French law and professional auditing standards applicable in France.
In our capacity as Statutory Auditors of your Company, we hereby report to you on related-party agreements.
It is our responsibility to report to shareholders, based on the information provided to us, on the main terms and conditions of agreements that have been disclosed to us or that we may have identified as part of our engagement, as well as the reasons given as to why they are beneficial for the Company, without commenting on their relevance or substance or identifying any undisclosed agreements. Under the provisions of Article R. 225-58 of the French Commercial Code (Code de commerce), it is the responsibility of the shareholders to determine whether the agreements are appropriate and should be approved.
Where applicable, it is also our responsibility to provide shareholders with the information required by Article R. 225-58 of the French Commercial Code in relation to the implementation during the year of agreements already approved by the Shareholders’ Meeting.
We performed the procedures that we deemed necessary in accordance with professional standards applicable in France to such engagements. These procedures consisted in verifying that the information given to us is consistent with the underlying documents.
Agreements to be submitted for the approval of the shareholders’ meeting
Agreements authorized and ENTERED INTO during the year
In accordance with Article L. 225-40 of the French Commercial Code, we were informed of the following agreements entered into during the year and previously authorized by the Supervisory Board.
a) Agreements with shareholders
b) Agreements with companies with executives in common
c) Other agreements and commitments with executives
- ▰William Kadouch-Chassaing (member of the Executive Board of Eurazeo and Fund unitholder),
- ▰Christophe Bavière (member of the Executive Board of Eurazeo and Fund unitholder) and
- ▰Sophie Flak (member of the Executive Board of Eurazeo and Fund unitholder)
At its meeting of June 19, 2025, the Supervisory Board authorized the signature of contractual documents to be entered into with members of the Executive Board and members of the investment team to govern their respective investments in the LightQuest fund. A co-investment protocol was signed between Eurazeo, the members of the Executive Board and the members of the investment team. The maximum amount of the co-investment plan is €222 million.
For several years now, Eurazeo has allowed members of its Executive Board and members of the investment team to invest alongside third-party investors in funds managed by the Eurazeo group. For all intents and purposes, it is specified that investment in the LightQuest fund by members of the Executive Board and members of the investment team entails a risk of partial or total loss of their investment in this fund.
We have been informed of the following agreements, authorized and entered into since the year-end, previously authorized by the Supervisory Board.
2026 David-Weill Agreement
Béatrice Stern, Natalie Merveilleux du Vignaux, Agathe Mordacq, Cécile David‑Weill and her children, and Quatre Sœurs LLC and Palmes CPM SA (the “Parties”), (holding together more than 10% of Eurazeo’s share capital and voting rights) and Eurazeo (the “2026 David‑Weill Agreement”).
At its meeting of March 10, 2025, the Supervisory Board authorized the signature by Eurazeo of an agreement to act in concert with the above persons, which governs certain governance (voting) arrangements and transfer mechanisms (price/terms and procedures), and sets thresholds and reference price ranges for notifications and transfers.
The David-Weill 2026 Agreement primarily provides for (i) a consultation commitment ahead of each shareholders’ meeting so that the voting rights attached to the securities held by the Parties are exercised in a coordinated manner, (ii) a cap on acquisitions, including a prior‑information obligation (five trading days’ notice) in the event of an increase in holdings and an undertaking not to cause the concert to cross the 30% threshold of the share capital and/or voting rights; and (iii) provisions governing the transfer of securities (right of first refusal in favor of the other Parties, with an alternative tag-along right, and, where applicable, a right of first negotiation in favor of Eurazeo).
The 2026 David-Weill Agreement was entered into for a period of four years commencing April 6, 2026, with the possibility of early termination under certain conditions. It replaces the agreement entered into on December 12, 2022 between the same Parties on its expiry on April 6, 2026.
The conclusion of this shareholders’ agreement reaffirms the company’s family shareholding base and confirms the David‑Weill family’s continued commitment to Eurazeo, supporting the stability of its shareholding structure. This new agreement is in line with the 2022 agreement, while introducing adjustments to modernize its operation and facilitate the management of shares by the Parties.
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8.7Statutory Auditors’ reports on the extraordinary resolutions
Statutory auditors’ report on the issue of shares and securities with or without preferential subscription rights
This is a free translation into English of the Statutory Auditors’ report issued in French and is provided solely for the convenience of English‑speaking readers. This report should be read in conjunction with, and construed in accordance with, French law and professional standards applicable in France.
In our capacity as Statutory Auditors of Eurazeo, and in compliance with Articles L. 228-92 and L. 225-135 et seq. of the French Commercial Code (code de commerce), we hereby report to you on the proposed delegation of authority to the Executive Board to carry out various issues of shares and/or securities, which is submitted to you for approval.
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▰delegate
to the Executive Board for a period of 26 months as from the date of this Shareholders’ Meeting, the
authority to decide and set the final terms and conditions of the following issues and, where
applicable, to cancel shareholder preferential subscription rights for:
- •the issue, with retention of preferential subscription rights, (20th resolution), of (i) ordinary shares of the Company, and/or (ii) securities that are equity instruments of the Company granting access by all means, immediately or in the future, to other equity instruments and/or rights to the allocation of debt instruments and/or (iii) securities that are debt securities granting access or potentially granting access by all means, immediately and/or in the future, to equity instruments of the Company, existing or to be issued;
- •the issue, with cancellation of preferential subscription rights, by way of a public offering other than an offering referred to in Article L. 411-2, 1° of the French Monetary and Financial Code (code monétaire et financier) (21st resolution) of (i) ordinary shares of the Company and/or (ii) securities that are equity instruments of the Company granting access by all means, immediately or in the future, to other equity instruments and/or rights to the allocation of debt instruments of the Company and/or (iii) securities that are debt instruments granting access or potentially granting access by all means, immediately and/or in the future, to equity instruments of the Company existing or to be issued; it being specified that these securities may be issued as payment for shares tendered in a public exchange offer in accordance with the conditions set forth in Article L. 22-10-54 of the French Commercial Code,
- •the issue, with cancellation of preferential subscription rights, by way of a public offering referred to in Article L. 411-2, 1° of the French Monetary and Financial Code (code monétaire et financier) and within the limit of 10% of the share capital per year (22nd resolution) of (i) ordinary shares of the Company, and/or (ii) securities that are equity instruments of the Company granting access by all means, immediately or in the future, to other equity instruments and/or rights to the allocation of debt instruments of the Company, and/or (iii) securities that are debt instruments granting access or potentially granting access by all means, immediately and/or in the future, to equity instruments of the Company existing or to be issued;
- ▰delegate powers to the Executive Board, for a period of twenty-six months, to issue (i) ordinary shares of the Company and/or (ii) securities that are equity instruments of the Company granting access by all means, immediately or in the future, to other equity instruments and/or rights to the allocation of debt instruments of the Company and/or (iii) securities that are debt instruments granting access or potentially granting access by all means, immediately and/or in the future, to equity instruments of the Company existing or to be issued, in consideration for contributions in kind granted to the Company, consisting of shares or securities granting access to share capital (24th resolution), for up to 10% of the share capital;
Pursuant to the 26th resolution, the maximum aggregate par value amount of share capital increases that may be carried out, immediately or in the future, under the 20th, 21st, 22nd and 24th resolutions, may not exceed €105 million, it being specified that the maximum aggregate par value amount of share capital increases that may be performed with cancellation of preferential subscription rights under the 21st and 22nd resolutions, may not exceed €21 million.
It is also specified that the par value amount of share capital increases may not individually exceed:
If shareholders adopt the 23rd resolution, these ceilings shall take into account the additional number of shares to be issued within the framework of the delegations granted under the 20th to 22nd and 24th resolutions, pursuant to the provisions of Article L. 225-135-1 of the French Commercial Code.
It is the Executive Board’s responsibility to prepare a report in accordance with Articles R. 225-113 et seq. of the French Commercial Code. It is our responsibility to express an opinion on the fairness of the information taken from the financial statements, on the proposed cancellation of preferential subscription rights, and on other information relating to the issue, presented in this report.
We performed the procedures that we considered necessary in accordance with the professional guidelines of the French National Institute of Statutory Auditors (Compagnie Nationale des Commissaires aux Comptes) relating to this engagement. These procedures consisted in verifying the information provided in the Executive Board’s report pertaining to this transaction and the methods used to set the issue price of the equity securities to be issued.
Subject to a subsequent examination of the terms and conditions of any issues that may be decided, we have no matters to report on the information provided in the Executive Board’s report relating to the methods used to set the issue price of the equity instruments to be issued under the 21st and 22nd resolutions.
In addition, as this report does not stipulate the methods used to set the issue price of the equity instruments to be issued pursuant to the implementation of the 20th and 24th resolutions, we do not express an opinion on the selected items used to calculate the issue price.
Since the final terms and conditions of the issue have not been set, we do not express an opinion thereon or consequently, on the proposed cancellation of shareholder preferential subscription rights under the 21st and 22nd resolutions.
In accordance with Article R. 225-116 of the French Commercial Code, we will prepare an additional report if and when the Executive Board uses these delegations of authority in the event of issues of securities which are equity instruments granting access to other equity instruments or granting rights to the allocation of debt securities, issues of securities granting access to equity instruments to be issued, and issues of ordinary shares with cancellation of preferential subscription rights.
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▰delegate
to the Executive Board for a period of 26 months as from the date of this Shareholders’ Meeting, the
authority to decide and set the final terms and conditions of the following issues and, where
applicable, to cancel shareholder preferential subscription rights for:
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9.1Information on the Company– Bylaws
Eurazeo is a European company with an Executive Board and a Supervisory Board (Société européenne à Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance), governed by current and future French and European legislative and regulatory provisions and the Bylaws. It was registered on July 18, 1969 with the Paris Trade and Companies Registry under no. 692 030 992. The APE code is 70.10Z and the LEI is 9695 00C6 56AA 39O9 4N60.
Eurazeo’s Bylaws, the minutes of Shareholders’ Meetings, financial statements and reports to Shareholders’ Meetings presented by the Executive Board, the Supervisory Board or the Statutory Auditors and all other corporate documents, as well as financial information and all expert valuations and statements issued at Eurazeo’s request, which must be made available to shareholders under applicable laws, can be examined at Eurazeo’s registered office, at 66, rue Pierre Charron – 75008 Paris.
In addition, all financial announcements and reports issued by Eurazeo can be downloaded from the Company’s website at www.eurazeo.com, on the Newsroom page.
Person responsible for financial information
William Kadouch-Chassaing, Chairman of the Executive Board
E-mail: wkadouch-chassaing@eurazeo.com
Tel.: (+33)1 44 15 01 11Bylaws
The Bylaws will enter into effect on the date of the Shareholders’ Meeting of May 6, 2026, subject to adoption of the following resolution:
27th resolution: Amendment of Article 23 (Shareholders’ Meetings) of the Bylaws, in application of Decree no. 2026-94 of February 13, 2026 on modernizing the way commercial companies communicate with their shareholders.
Article 1 – Legal form of the Company
The Company is a European company (Societas Europaea, or “SE”) with an Executive Board and a Supervisory Board pursuant to a decision of the Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting of May 11, 2017. It is governed by current and future French and European legislative and regulatory provisions and the present Bylaws.
Article 2 – Company name
In all deeds and documents issued by the Company, the company name shall be followed by the words “European Company” or the initials “SE”.
Article 3 – Corporate purpose
- ▰the management of its funds and their investment over the short, medium or long term;
- ▰the acquisition, management and disposal, by all available means, of all minority or controlling interests, and generally of all listed and unlisted securities and all real and movable property, in France and elsewhere;
- ▰the sponsoring and acquisition of investment funds and the acquisition of interests in funds of this type;
- ▰the acquisition, disposal, management and operation, by way of leasing or otherwise, of all real property and buildings;
- ▰the performance of services on behalf of entities or companies in which the Company holds an equity stake;
- ▰the grant of security interests, endorsements and guaranties to facilitate the financing of subsidiaries or entities in which the Company holds an investment;
- ▰and more generally, all financial, industrial, commercial, real and movable property transactions, directly or indirectly related to one of those purposes or to any similar or related purpose.
Article 4 – Registered office
The registered office may be transferred to another location in the same county (département) or a neighboring county (département) by a decision of the Supervisory Board, subject to confirmation of this decision by the next Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting and anywhere else in the European Union by a decision of an Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting.
Article 5 – Company term
Except in the event of dissolution or extension by decision of an Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting, the Company is incorporated for ninety-nine years as from the date of registration with the Trade and Companies Registry, that is July 1, 1969.
Article 6 – Share capital
The Company has a share capital of two hundred and ten million, nine hundred and fifty-five thousand, five hundred and seventy-eight euros and twenty-seven cents (€210,955,578.27). It is divided into sixty-nine million, one hundred and sixty-five thousand and seven hundred and sixty (69,165,760) fully paid-up shares of the same class.
Article 7 – Form of shares
Pursuant to applicable laws and regulations, and subject to the corresponding penalties, the Company may at any time ask an institution or broker to disclose the name, address and nationality of individuals or entities holding securities conferring current or future voting rights at the Company’s Shareholders’ Meetings, as well as the number of securities held by each individual or entity and any restrictions on the securities held.
Article 8 – Information on share capital ownership
Any individual or legal entity which, acting alone or jointly with others, comes to hold, either directly or indirectly, within the meaning of Articles L. 233-7 et seq. of the French Commercial Code, one percent (1%) or more of the outstanding shares or voting rights of the Company shall communicate the information set out in Article L. 233-7 I of the French Commercial Code to the Company and particularly the aggregate number of shares, voting rights and future rights to shares to be issued and the related voting rights it holds.
When determining these thresholds, account shall also be taken of all shares and/or voting rights held indirectly and shares and/or voting rights equivalent to shares and/or voting rights held as defined in Articles L. 233-7 and L. 233-9 of the French Commercial Code.
This information must be provided to the Company no later than five (5) stock market days after any acquisition of shares or voting rights which brings the total held to one percent or a multiple thereof.
Should a shareholder fail to comply with the above provisions and at the request of one or more shareholders owning five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding shares, duly recorded in the minutes of the Shareholders’ Meeting, any unreported shares or voting rights shall be barred from voting at all Shareholders’ Meetings held during a period of two (2) years commencing the date they are reported by the owner.
The foregoing reporting requirement shall also apply whenever the portion of shares or voting rights held decreases by one percent (1%) or more of the outstanding shares or voting rights.
Article 9 – Rights attached to each share
In addition to the voting right conferred by law, each share confers entitlement to a portion of the profits or liquidation surplus in direct proportion to the existing number of shares.
On each occasion where it is necessary to own a certain number of shares in order to vote, it remains the responsibility of those shareholders not possessing the required number to arrange the grouping of shares required.
Article 10 – Payment of shares
The amount of shares issued during a capital increase and to be paid up in cash is payable under the terms and conditions determined by the Supervisory Board.
Subscribers and shareholders are notified of calls for funds at least fifteen (15) days before the date set for each payment by a notice published in a legal gazette of the location of the registered office or by registered letter sent individually to subscribers and shareholders.
All delays in payment of sums due on the unpaid shares shall automatically, and without the need for any formality whatsoever, lead to the payment of interest calculated at the legal rate plus two (2) points, day after day, as from the due date, without prejudice to any action in personam that the Company may bring against the defaulting shareholder and enforcement measures provided by law.
Article 11 – Members of the Supervisory Board
- 1.The Supervisory Board has a minimum of three (3) and a maximum of eighteen (18) members, subject to the exemption granted by law in the event of a merger.
- The members of the Supervisory Board are appointed by Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting. When a vacancy arises for one or more Board members, the Board itself may appoint replacements by co-optation, with each replacement appointed for the remaining period of office of his/her predecessor, and subject to ratification of the appointment by the next Shareholders’ Meeting.
- The number of Supervisory Board members aged over seventy (70) may not exceed one third of the total number of Supervisory Board members at any time. When this proportion is exceeded, the oldest member of the Supervisory Board, with the exception of its Chairman, must resign his/her position at the end of the next Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting.
- 2.Each Supervisory Board member must hold at least two hundred and fifty (250) Company shares throughout his/her entire term.
- 3.Members of the Supervisory Board are appointed for a period of four (4) years. They may be re-appointed. The duties of members of the Supervisory Board terminate at the end of the Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting approving the financial statements for the preceding fiscal year that is held during the year in which their term of office expires.
- 4.The Supervisory Board also includes, pursuant to the provisions of Articles L. 225-79-2et seq. of the French Commercial Code, one or two members representing employees, subject to a regime governed by prevailing law and these Bylaws.
- When the number of members of the Supervisory Board appointed by Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting is less than or equal to eight, one member of the Supervisory Board is appointed to represent employees for a period of four (4) years by the Company’s Work Council.
- When the Supervisory Board has more than eight members, a second Supervisory Board member representing employees must be appointed in accordance with the same procedure. Should the number of members of the Supervisory Board appointed by Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting become equal to or less than eight, the term of office of the second member of the Supervisory Board representing employees shall continue to its end.
- The renewal of the terms of office of the members of the Supervisory Board representing employees will be subject to the number of employees remaining above the legal threshold.
- By exception to the obligation set out in Article 11.2 of these Bylaws, members representing employees are not required to own Company shares. In addition, they shall receive no compensation in respect of their duties.
Article 12 – Chairmanship of the Supervisory Board
- 1.The Supervisory Board elects a Chairman and one or more Vice-Chairmen for the full period of their appointment. Both functions must be filled by natural persons.
- The Supervisory Board sets their compensation, whether fixed or variable.
- The Chairman is responsible for calling Board meetings at least four times a year, and for chairing the proceedings.
- 2.The Vice-Chairman or Vice-Chairmen have the same responsibilities and prerogatives as the Chairman, when the Chairman is unable to attend or has delegated his/her duties temporarily.
- 3.The Supervisory Board may appoint a secretary, either from among its own members or from outside the Board.
Article 13 – Proceedings of the Supervisory Board
- 1.Supervisory Board members may be notified of Board meetings by any form of communication, including orally.
- Supervisory Board meetings are held at the registered office or in any other place specified in the notice of meeting. Meetings are chaired by the Supervisory Board Chairman or, in the absence of the latter, by a Vice-Chairman. At the initiative of the individual convening the meeting, the decisions of the Supervisory Board may be taken by written consultation of Supervisory Board members, including by any electronic means, under the conditions and within the time limits provided for by law and in the notice of meeting and, where appropriate, the Internal Rules adopted by the Supervisory Board. Any Supervisory Board member may object to the use of written consultation, under the conditions and within the time limits provided for in the notice of meeting, and where appropriate the Internal Rules. Postal voting is also permitted under the conditions provided for in the Internal Rules.
- 2.Meetings are held and proceedings conducted subject to prevailing legal provisions governing quorum and majority rules. Where voting is tied (including where written consultation is used), the meeting Chairman will have the casting vote.
- 3.The Supervisory Board drafts Internal Rules, which may provide that, except in cases of resolutions relating to the appointment or replacement of its Chairman and Vice-Chairmen, and those relating to the appointment or dismissal of Executive Board members, for the purposes of quorum and majority rules, Supervisory Board members may participate in Board meetings through video conferencing or another form of telecommunications enabling their identification and guaranteeing their effective participation, as provided by prevailing law and regulations.
- 4.In the event of failure to respond in writing (including electronically) to written consultations within the time limits and under the conditions provided for by the author of the request, the Supervisory Board members concerned shall be deemed to be absent and not to have participated in the decision.
- 5.Minutes are recorded of Supervisory Board meetings and copies or extracts thereof are certified and distributed in accordance with the law.
Article 14 – Powers of the Supervisory Board
- 1.The Supervisory Board permanently oversees the management of the Company by its Executive Board.
- At any time during the year, it conducts any verifications and reviews that it deems necessary and may ask the Executive Board to communicate any documents that it considers necessary for the performance of its duties.
- The Executive Board submits a report to the Supervisory Board at least once every quarter on the Company’s main management acts and decisions, including all information that the Board may require to be kept informed of the Company’s business, along with the half-yearly financial statements.
- Within the prescribed regulatory time limit following the end of each fiscal year, the Executive Board submits the separate annual financial statements, consolidated financial statements and its report to the Shareholders’ Meeting to the Supervisory Board for check and control.
- The Supervisory Board reports its observations on both the Executive Board’s report and the separate annual financial statements and consolidated financial statements to the Shareholders’ Meeting.
- This supervision may, under no circumstances, lead to the performance of management acts, directly or indirectly, by the Supervisory Board or its members.
- 2.The Supervisory Board appoints and may dismiss the members of the Executive Board, in accordance with the law and pursuant to Article 17 of these Bylaws.
- 3.The Supervisory Board prepares the draft resolution proposing the appointment of the Statutory Auditors to the Shareholders’ Meeting, in accordance with the law.
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4.The
following transactions are subject to the prior approval of the Supervisory Board as provided by the
Internal Rules of the Supervisory Board:
- •all external growth projects or strategic partnerships;
- •the creation of security interests of an amount in excess of two hundred million euros (€200,000,000), as well as the granting of sureties, endorsements and guarantees;
- •any proposal to the Shareholders’ Meeting to amend the Bylaws;
- •any transaction that could result, immediately or in the future, in a capital increase or decrease through the issue or cancellation of shares;
- •the creation of stock option plans and the granting of Company share subscription or purchase options, or the grant of free shares of the Company to employees or certain categories of employees or any similar product;
- •any proposal to the Shareholders’ Meeting regarding share buyback programs;
- •any proposal to the Shareholders’ Meeting regarding the appropriation of earnings and the distribution of dividends or interim dividends;
- •agreements regarding debt and financing, whenever the total amount of the transaction or agreement, performed in one or more stages, exceeds two hundred million euros (€200,000,000);
- •all agreements and commitments governed by Article L. 225-86 of the French Commercial Code;
- •all other transactions referred to, where applicable, in the Internal Rules of the Supervisory Board.
- 5.Within the limit of the amounts that it will determine, under the terms and conditions and for the duration that it defines, the Supervisory Board may authorize the Executive Board in advance to carry out one or more of the transactions mentioned in paragraph 4 above.
- 6.The Supervisory Board may decide to set up committees from among its members to review questions that it or its Chairman submit for their opinion. It defines the membership and tasks of these committees which will act under the Board’s responsibility.
Article 15 – Compensation of the Supervisory Board members
A fixed annual amount may be allocated to the members of the Supervisory Board by the Shareholders’ Meeting in compensation for their activities. The Board freely allocates this amount between its members in accordance with the conditions provided by law.
The Supervisory Board may also grant exceptional compensation to certain of its members in the cases and under the conditions provided by law.
Article 16 – Non-voting members
- 1.The Shareholders’ Meeting may appoint non-voting members to assist the Supervisory Board. Non-voting members may or may not be selected from among shareholders; there may be no more than four non-voting members, and they are appointed for a maximum of four years. The Supervisory Board decides their roles and responsibilities and sets their compensation.
- 2.Non-voting members are invited to all Supervisory Board meetings and may contribute to its proceedings in an advisory role only. They may not act on behalf of Supervisory Board members and may only advise.
Article 17 – Members of the Executive Board
- 1.The Company is managed by an Executive Board comprised of at least of two (2) members appointed by the Supervisory Board. The Supervisory Board may amend the number of Executive Board members during the term of office. The Executive Board performs its duties under the supervision of the Supervisory Board, in accordance with the law and the Company’s Bylaws.
- 2.The members of the Executive Board need not be chosen from among the shareholders. They must be natural persons. They may be reappointed indefinitely. No member of the Supervisory Board may be a member of the Executive Board.
- The age limit for acting as a member of the Executive Board is set at sixty-eight (68) years of age. Any member of the Executive Board who reaches this age shall be deemed to have resigned.
- Members of the Executive Board may have an employment contract with the Company that shall remain in effect throughout their entire term of office and thereinafter.
- 3.The Executive Board is appointed for a term of four (4) years. In the event that a seat falls vacant, the Supervisory Board shall appoint, in accordance with the law, a successor for the predecessor’s remaining term.
- 4.Members of the Executive Board may be dismissed, either by the Supervisory Board, or by Shareholders’ Meeting upon the recommendation of the Supervisory Board. If the dismissal is without good cause, the member may be entitled to damages. Dismissal of a member of the Executive Board does not result in termination of his/her employment contract.
Article 18 – Chair of the Executive Board – General Management
- 1.The Supervisory Board appoints one of the members of the Executive Board as its Chairman and sets the duration of his/her duties. He or she represents the Company in its dealings with third parties.
- 2.The Supervisory Board may confer the same powers of representation on one or more Executive Board members, who then assume the title of Chief Executive Officer.
- 3.The duties of Chairman and, where applicable, Chief Executive Officer, allocated to Executive Board members may be withdrawn at any time by the Supervisory Board.
- 4.The Chairman and Chief Executive Officer(s) validly carry out all acts that bind the Company with respect to third parties.
Article 19 – Proceedings of the Executive Board
- 1.The Executive Board meets as often as required in the best interests of the Company, after a meeting has been called by the Chairman or at least half of its members. Meetings are held at the registered office or in any other place specified in the notice of meeting. Items may be added to the agenda at the meeting. Meetings may be notified by any form of communication, including orally.
- 2.Meetings are chaired by the Chairman of the Executive Board or, in his/her absence, by the Chief Executive Officer designated by the Chairman.
- 3.Executive Board proceedings are valid only when at least half of its members are present. Decisions are adopted by the majority of votes cast by those members present or represented. Where voting is tied, the meeting Chairman will have the casting vote.
- Members of the Executive Board may take part in Board meetings by means of video conference or telecommunications, as permitted by current regulations applicable to meetings of the Supervisory Board. The members shall be considered present for the purpose of calculating quorum and majority.
- 4.The proceedings are recorded in the form of minutes, which are held in a special register and signed by those Executive Board members attending the meeting.
- 5.The Executive Board sets its own internal rules and notifies the Supervisory Board thereof.
Article 20 – Powers and obligations of the Executive Board
- 1.The Executive Board is vested with the most extensive powers to act on behalf of the Company in all circumstances, within the limits of the corporate purpose and subject to the powers expressly attributed by law and the Company’s Bylaws to Shareholders’ Meetings and the Supervisory Board. It determines the strategic direction of the Company and ensures its implementation, in the Company’s interest and taking into consideration the social and environmental issues associated with its activities.
- No restriction on its powers will be enforceable against third parties, who may launch legal proceedings against the Company, with respect to the performance of the commitments made in its name by the Chairman of the Executive Board or a Chief Executive Officer once their appointments have been regularly published.
- 2.Members of the Executive Board may, with the authorization of the Supervisory Board, divide management tasks among themselves. However, this division of tasks may, under no circumstances, exempt the Executive Board from meeting and deliberating on the most important issues concerning the Company’s management, or be invoked as a reason for exemption from the joint and several liability of the Executive Board and each of its members.
- 3.The Executive Board may vest one or more of its members or any person chosen from outside the Board, with special, permanent or temporary duties that it will determine, and delegate to them for one or more specified purposes, with or without the possibility of sub-delegation, any powers that it deems necessary.
- 4.The Executive Board prepares and presents to the Supervisory Board, reports, budgets and quarterly, half-year and annual financial statements, in accordance with the law and pursuant to paragraph 1 of Article 14 above. The Executive Board calls all Shareholders’ Meetings, defines their agenda and implements their decisions.
- 5.Members of the Executive Board may be held liable, towards the Company or third parties, collectively and severally for breaches of legal and regulatory provisions governing European companies, breaches of these Bylaws, or management faults, under the conditions and governing sanctions provided by prevailing French and European laws.
Article 21 – Compensation of the Executive Board members
The Supervisory Board sets the method and amount of compensation paid to each Executive Board member and sets the number and conditions of any share subscription or purchase options they may be granted, in accordance with the law.
Article 22 – Statutory Auditors
Article 23 – Shareholders’ Meetings
- 1.Shareholders’ Meetings are called and vote in accordance with the provisions of prevailing European regulations and French law applicable to European companies.
- 2.Each share entitles its owner to one vote. However, fully paid-up shares deposited in registered accounts in the name of the same shareholder for two (2) years or more, are entitled to double voting rights.
- Furthermore, in the event of a share capital increase through capitalization of reserves, profits or share premiums, bonus registered shares granted to shareholders in proportion to existing registered shares held qualifying for double voting rights shall also confer double voting rights immediately on issue.
- Shares converted into bearer shares or which change hands lose their extra voting rights. However, the foregoing provision is not applicable to shares transferred by virtue of inheritance, the liquidation of community property or inter vivos gifts to a spouse or relative entitled to inherit, nor shall such transfers interrupt the two-year period specified in the preceding paragraph.
- The beneficial owners of shares shall exercise the voting rights attached to them at Ordinary Shareholders’ Meetings, and their legal owners shall exercise these voting rights at Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meetings. The shareholders may, however, agree to allocate voting rights in a different manner at Shareholders’ Meetings. If they do so, they shall inform the Company thereof by registered letter to its registered office and the Company shall comply with such agreements at all Shareholders’ Meetings held one month or more after the postmarked date of this registered letter.
- 3.Meetings are held either at the Company’s registered office or at any other venue indicated in the notice of meeting.
- 4.Evidence of the right to participate at the Company’s Shareholders’ Meetings shall consist in the accounting registration of the shares under the conditions provided by law.
- Shareholders may attend meetings in person or be represented by a proxy. They may also participate by sending a vote by mail as provided for by applicable laws and regulations. In order to be counted, mail ballots must be received by the Company no later than three (3) business days before the date of the meeting.
- The Executive Board may authorize the sending to the Company of proxy and mail voting forms by telecommunications means (including electronic means) in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.
- When such telecommunications means are used, the electronic signature may take the form of a process complying with the criteria set out in the first sentence of the second paragraph of Article 1316-4 of the French Civil Code.
- If the Executive Board decides to use such telecommunications means, as set out in the meeting notice or convening notice, shareholders who participate in Shareholders’ Meetings via videoconferencing or telecommunications means that allow them to be identified as set forth by applicable law are deemed to be present for the calculation of quorum and majority.
- 5.Shareholders’ Meetings are chaired by the Chairman of the Supervisory Board or, in his/her absence, a Vice-Chairman. In their absence, the meeting elects its own Chairman.
- 6.Minutes are recorded of Shareholders’ Meetings and copies thereof are certified and distributed in accordance with the law.
Article 24 – Company financial statements
Provided that there is sufficient income left after deducting the sums required to fund or supplement the legal reserve, the Shareholders’ Meeting may, upon the recommendation of the Executive Board, allocate any portion of earnings it deems appropriate, either to retained earnings or to one or more general or special reserve accounts, or for distribution to shareholders.
The Shareholders’ Meeting called to approve the financial statements for the year has the authority to grant all shareholders the option to receive some or all of the dividend or interim dividend distributed in either cash or shares, in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable as of the date of the decision.
The Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting may decide the distribution of profits or reserves through the allotment of marketable securities presented in the Company’s assets.
Any shareholder that can demonstrate that their shares have been deposited in registered accounts for at least two years and continue to be deposited in such accounts at the dividend payment date shall receive a dividend bonus on such shares equal to 10% of the dividend (interim dividend and dividend) paid to other shares, including in the event of payment of a scrip dividend. The increased dividend shall, where necessary, be rounded down to the nearest euro cent.
Similarly, any shareholder that can demonstrate, at the year end, that their shares have been deposited in registered accounts for at least two years and continue to be deposited in such accounts at the date of a share capital increase by capitalization of reserves, profits or share premiums and the distribution of bonus shares shall benefit from an increase in the number of bonus shares distributed, equal to 10%.
The new shares created shall be assimilated to the existing shares in respect of which they were granted, for the calculation of increased dividend and grant rights.
The number of shares eligible for these increases may not exceed, for the same shareholder, 0.5% of the share capital at the end of the preceding fiscal year.
Article 25 – Regulated agreements
Pursuant to Article L. 229-7 paragraph 6 of the French Commercial Code, the provisions of Articles L. 225-86 to L. 225-90-1 of the French Commercial Code are applicable to agreements entered into by the Company.
Article 26 – Dissolution and liquidation
In the event of dissolution of the Company, the Shareholders’ Meeting appoints one or more liquidators in accordance with the conditions of quorum and majority laid down for Ordinary Shareholders’ Meetings.
The liquidator represents the Company. He is vested with the most extensive powers to liquidate the assets, by amicable settlement. He is qualified to pay creditors and distribute the available balance.
The Shareholders’ Meeting may authorize the liquidator to continue outstanding business or initiate new business for the needs of the liquidation.
Article 27 – Disputes
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9.2Regulatory environment
Eurazeo is an investment company, listed on Euronext Paris. It is a European company governed by current and future French and European legislative and regulatory provisions, and notably by the General Regulations of the French Financial Markets Authority (Autorité des Marchés Financiers, AMF).
Eurazeo has financial investment advisor (Conseiller en investissement financier (CIF)) status. The Company is recorded in the French Single Register of Insurance, Banking, and Finance Intermediaries (ORIAS) under the number 19008710 as a CIF since December 13, 2019.
Certain Eurazeo subsidiaries operate in a regulatory environment subject to French law, Luxembourg law, UK law and US law as follows:
- ▰Eurazeo Funds Management Luxembourg, a portfolio management company certified by the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier, the Luxembourg financial services regulator, as an alternative investment fund manager (AIFM) under registration number A00002174;
- ▰Eurazeo North America Inc, an asset manager governed by US law, which obtained the status of US Investment Advisor with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 28, 2019;
- ▰Eurazeo UK Limited, a subsidiary of Eurazeo SE governed by UK law, certified by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), the UK financial services regulator, since May 23, 2022;
- ▰Eurazeo Infrastructure Partners SNC, a portfolio management company certified by the AMF as an alternative investment fund manager (AIFM) within the meaning of Directive EU/2011/61, under registration number GP202173;
- ▰Kurma Partners, a portfolio management company certified by the French Financial Markets Authority (AMF) as an alternative investment fund manager (AIFM) within the meaning of Directive EU/2011/61, under registration number GP-09000027;
- ▰Eurazeo Global Investor SAS, a portfolio management company certified by the French Financial Markets Authority (AMF) as an alternative investment fund manager (AIFM) within the meaning of Directive EU/2011/61, under registration number GP97-117.
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9.3Related-party transactions
Regulated agreements subject to the approval of the Supervisory Board are detailed in the Statutory Auditors’ Special Report and are therefore not included in this section
Statutory Auditors’ Special Report on regulated agreements for the 2025 fiscal year
The Statutory Auditors’ Special Report on regulated agreements for the 2025 fiscal year is presented on pages 400 to 412 of the Eurazeo Universal Registration Document.
Statutory Auditors’ Special Report on regulated agreements for the 2024 fiscal year
The Statutory Auditors’ Special Report on regulated agreements for the 2024 fiscal year is presented on pages 354 to 364 of the Eurazeo Universal Registration Document filed with the French Financial Markets Authority (AMF) on March 27, 2025 under reference no. D. 25-0171.
Statutory Auditors’ Special Report on regulated agreements for the 2023 fiscal year
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9.4Statement by the person responsible for the Universal Registration Document
Person responsible for the Universal Registration Document
William Kadouch-Chassaing, Chairman of the Executive BoardStatement by the person responsible for the Universal Registration Document including the Annual Financial Report
I hereby certify that, to the best of my knowledge, the information contained in the 2025 Universal Registration Document is true and fair and does not contain any omission likely to affect its import.
I hereby certify that, to the best of my knowledge, the annual and consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the applicable accounting standards and give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and profits and losses of the Company and all consolidated companies, and that the annual financial report presented on page 429 provides a fair review of the development, results and financial position of the Company and all consolidated companies, together with an accurate description of the principal risks and uncertainties they face and has been prepared in accordance with applicable sustainability reporting standards.
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9.5Parties responsible for the audit of the financial statements
- ▰The Statutory Auditors are appointed for a renewable term of six financial years. The Audit Committee is responsible for reviewing the call for tenders procedure for the selection of the Statutory Auditors and issuing a recommendation to the Supervisory Board on the Statutory Auditors whose appointment is proposed to the Shareholders’ Meeting in accordance with the rules governing the rotation of signatory partners and audit firms.
- ▰Sarah Kressmann-Floquet, a partner with PricewaterhouseCoopers Audit, and Virginie Chauvin, a partner with Forvis Mazars, have been signatory partners since the beginning of fiscal year 2024. Guillaume Machin, a partner with Forvis Mazars has also been a signatory partner since the beginning of fiscal year 2023.
Start date of first term
Date of last renewal of term
End date of term:
date of the Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting indicated below
Principal Statutory Auditors
PricewaterhouseCoopers Audit
Member of the Versailles Statutory Auditors Council
63, rue de Villiers
92208 Neuilly-sur-Seine Cedex
represented by: Sarah Kressmann-Floquet
12/20/1995
04/30/2020
2026(1)
Forvis Mazars
Member of the Versailles Statutory Auditors Council
45 rue Kleber
92300 Levallois Perret
represented by: Virginie Chauvin and Guillaume Machin
05/18/2011
04/26/2023
2029
(1)The Shareholders’ Meeting of May 6, 2026 (18th resolution) will be asked to appoint KPMG as statutory auditor for a period of six years. -
9.6Historical financial information
In accordance with Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/980 of March 14, 2019, the following information is included by reference in the 2024 Universal Registration Document.
Additional information concerning the consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2024
Consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023
The consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023 appear on pages 256 to 308 of the Eurazeo Universal Registration Document filed with the French Financial Markets Authority (AMF) on March 28, 2024 (under reference no. D. 24-0205).
Statutory Auditors’ report on the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023
The Statutory Auditors’ report on the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023 appears on pages 309 to 313 of the Eurazeo Universal Registration Document filed with the French Financial Markets Authority (AMF) on March 28, 2024 (under reference no. D. 24-0205).
Consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024
The consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024 appear on pages 234 to 277 of the Eurazeo Universal Registration Document filed with the French Financial Markets Authority (AMF) on March 27, 2025 (under reference no. D. 25-0171).
Statutory Auditors’ report on the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024
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9.7Universal Registration Document cross-reference table
Universal Registration Document cross-reference table
This document includes the items of the Annual Financial Report detailed in Article L. 451-1-2 of the French Monetary and Financial Code and Articles 222-3 and 222-9 of the AMF General Regulations. The following cross-reference table identifies the information comprising the Annual Financial Report as of December 31, 2025. Information required by Appendices l and 2 of Delegated Regulation (EC) no. 2019/980 of March 14, 2019.
Headings from Appendix I of EC Regulation no. 809/2004
Section
Page
Persons responsible
9.4
425
Statutory Auditors
9.5
425
Selected financial information
Historical financial information
2.1, 2.2, 6.4, 9.6
52 - 61, 62 - 63, 426 - 426, 355 - 355
Interim financial information
N/A
Risk factors
3.1.4, 4.1, 4.2
83 - 84, 143 - 157,
135 - 143
Information about the issuer
Company history and development
N/A
Investment
2.1
52 - 61
Business overview
Principal activities
1
6 à 43
Principal markets
1
6 à 43
Exceptional events
N/A
Dependence on patents or licenses or on industrial, commercial or financial agreements, if applicable
N/A
Basis for any statements made by the issuer regarding its competitive position
N/A
Organizational structure
Brief description of the Group and the issuer’s position within the Group
2.1.3
58 - 58
List of issuer’s significant subsidiaries
2.1.3, 6.1.6, 6.2.2
58 - 58, 270 - 306,
315 - 349
Property, plant and equipment
Principal existing or planned property, plant and equipment
7.3
289 - 289
Environmental issues that may affect the issuer’s use of property, plant and equipment
3.2.2
86 - 97
Operating and financial review
Financial position
2.1, 2.2
52 - 61, 62 - 63
Operating results
2.1.2, 6.1.2, 6.1.3
55 - 58, 264 - 264,
265 - 265
Capital resources
Information on the issuer’s capital
6.1.4, 6.1.6, 6.2.2
266 - 267, 270 - 306,
287 - 287
Source and amount of cash flows
6.1.5, 6.1.6, 6.2.2
268 - 269, 270 - 306,
287 - 287
N/A: not applicable.
Borrowing requirements and funding structure
6.1.6
270 - 306
Information regarding any restrictions on the use of capital resources that have materially affected or could materially affect, directly or indirectly, the issuer’s operations
6.1.6, 6.2.2
270 - 306, 287 - 287
Anticipated sources of funds needed to fulfill commitments
4.2.3, 5.15
155 - 157, 256 - 259
Research and development, patents and licenses
N/A
Information on trends
1
26 - 27
Income forecasts or estimates
N/A
Administrative, management and supervisory bodies and senior management
Information concerning members of administrative and management bodies
Chapitre 1 - 5.2, 5.7
28 - 31 ,170 - 182,
205 - 207
Administrative, management and supervisory bodies and senior management conflicts of interest
5.3.1
183 - 185
Compensation and benefits
Compensation and benefits in kind
6.1.6, 6.2.2, 5.8
270 - 306, 287 - 287,
208 - 243
Total amounts set aside or accrued to provide pension, retirement or other similar benefits
6.1.6, 6.2.2
270 - 306, 287 - 287
Board practices
Date of expiration of current terms of office
5.1, 5.7
163 - 207
Information on service agreements between the members of the governing bodies and the issuer or its subsidiaries
Information on the issuer’s Audit and Compensation Committees
5.4
190 - 194
Compliance with corporate governance rules in effect in the country of incorporation of the issuer
5.1
163
Employees
Number of employees and breakdown by principal line of business and geographical location
3.3.1, 6.1.6, 6.2.2, 6.4
100 - 108, 270 - 306,
287 - 287, 355 - 355
Employee share ownership and stock options
5.8, 6.2.2, 8.3, 8.4
287 - 287, 393 - 395,
396 - 399, 208 - 243
Agreements providing for employee share ownership
3.3.1
100 - 108
Major shareholders
Shareholders with more than 5% of the shares or voting rights
7.1
358 - 363
Existence of different voting rights
7.1, 9.1
358 - 363, 418 - 423
Control of the issuer
7.1.1
358 - 359
Arrangements, known to the issuer, operation of which could lead to a change in control of the issuer
7.1.2
360 - 363
Related-party transactions
9.3
424 - 424
Financial information concerning the assets and liabilities, financial position and income of the issuer
Historical financial information
6.4, 9.6
355 - 355, 426 - 426
Pro forma financial information
2.1
52 - 61
Financial statements
6.1, 6.2.1, 6.2.2
262 - 310, 287 - 287,
287 - 287
N/A: not applicable.
Audit of historical annual financial information
6.1.7, 6.2.3, 9.6
307 - 310, 350 -
353, 426 - 426
Date of most recent financial information
12/31/2023
Interim financial information
N/A
Dividend policy
2.1.4, 8.2
59 - 61, 371 - 392
Legal and arbitration proceedings
4.3
158 - 159
Significant change in the financial or trading position
2.1.4
59 - 61
Additional information
Share capital
6.4
355 - 355
Incorporating document and Bylaws
9.1
418 - 423
Material contracts
5.14, 5.15, 7.1.2, 7.2
250 - 255, 256 - 259,
360 - 363, 363 - 366
Third party information and statements by experts and declarations of any interest
3.6, 6.1.7, 6.2.3
128 - 131, 307 - 310,
350 - 353
Documents available to the public
9.1
418 - 423
Information on investments
6.1.6, 6.2.2
270 - 306, 287 - 287
N/A: not applicable.
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9.8Glossary
Term
Definition
AFEP-MEDEF Code
Corporate governance code for listed companies issued by AFEP and MEDEF (revised version of December 2022).
AMF
Autorité des Marchés Financiers, the French Financial Markets Authority.
AUM
Total assets under management, including both third-party investor capital and balance sheet capital.
Cash-on-cash multiple
In a private equity setting, a cash-on-cash multiple is from the investors point of view the amount of cash they have received, plus the remaining value of the fund, divided by the amount of cash they have paid into the fund.
Co-investment
The syndication of a private equity financing round or an investment by individuals (usually management companies) alongside a private equity fund in a financing round. Two or more investors in a given transaction. Also known as syndication. The average rate of co-investment is the total number of investments made in the total number of deals in a given period.
Distributions
Cash and/or securities paid out to the Limited Partners from the Limited Partnership.
Due diligence
Verifications and analyses performed by an investor when studying an investment project.
EBIT
EBIT or Operating income is equal to Net income before taxes and duties and financial income and expenses.
EBITDA
EBITDA or gross operating income is equal to Net income before depreciation, amortization and impairment, taxes and duties and financial income and expenses.
FRE
Recurring income generated by the asset management activity, primarily derived from management fees net of operating expenses.
Hurdle (minimum return)
Used in its commonly accepted meaning of a hurdle return, i.e., the lowest possible return which a particular investor will accept. However, also used specifically to describe a return which a GP has to at least equal before any carry is calculated or payable. This mechanism is commonly found in buyout and development capital funds, but rarely in venture funds.
Management fees
The management fee is used to provide the partnership with resources such as investment and clerical personnel, office space and administrative services required by the partnership.
Net Asset Value (NAV)
NAV is calculated by adding the value of all of the investments in the fund and dividing by the number of shares of the fund that are outstanding. NAV calculations are required for all mutual funds (or open-end funds) and closed-end funds. The price per share of a closed-end fund will trade at either a premium or a discount to the NAV of that fund, based on market demand. Closed-end funds generally trade at a discount to NAV.
Retained Number
Pursuant to Articles L. 225-27 part 2 and L. 225-27-1, II, part 2 of the French Commercial Code, members serving as a basis to calculate the gender balance and independence of the Supervisory Board do not include the two employee representatives or the non-voting member.
Secondary/Secondaries
In Private Equity, a “secondary” is a transaction where an investor in a fund or in a company sells its interest in the fund or company to another investor in a private sale. A secondary transaction in a fund is known as a “fund secondary” or an “LP secondary” and a secondary transaction in a company is known as a “direct secondary” or a “secondary direct”. A Limited Partner may conduct secondary sales of portions of its portfolio as part of rebalancing its portfolio to match its asset allocation targets.
Shares
Negotiable security representing a fraction of the share capital of a company. The share confers on its holder, the shareholder, the role of partner and certain rights. A share may be held in registered or bearer form.
TCFD
Task Force on Climate-related Disclosures: working group created in 2015 to propose recommendations on how to report and publish climate-change related risks and opportunities.
Theoretical voting rights
Total number of voting rights.
Vesting
The term “vesting” refers to when the receipt of certain rights is conditional on the passage of time. Vesting is used in particular when granting share purchase or subscription options and performance shares. In accordance with the schedule, the beneficiary is entitled to exercise their rights and purchase the shares to which they confer entitlement at the preferential terms defined on grant. Vesting can be progressive and subject to performance conditions.
Voting rights that may be exercised
Actual number of voting rights after deduction of shares stripped of voting rights (treasury shares).
Waterfall
The term “waterfall” refers to a method of allocating earnings and returns to the various participants in a private equity fund. The waterfall structure is used to determine how the gains generated by investments are distributed between investors and fund managers, according to certain previously established return thresholds.
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